Prevalence of Calf Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Pooled prevalence estimates of calves’ mortality, stratified by subgroups.

Predictors	Number of studies	Pooled prevalence of calf mortality			Heterogeneity (I^2)
		Sample size	Cases	Prevalence (95% CI) (RE model)	I^2 (%)	value (Cochran’s Q)
Overall prevalence	30	13762	2571	14.8 (12.4–19.2)	96.79	<0.01
Study location
Central Ethiopia	12	5920	1324	17.5 (17.4–24.1)	96	<0.01
Northern Ethiopia	3	1048	220	14.8 (7.30–27.7)	97	<0.01
Southern Ethiopia	8	2489	504	13.5 (8.51–20.8)	91	<0.01
Northwest Ethiopia	7	4305	618	12.1 (7.43–19.0)	96	<0.01
Study design
Cross-sectional	14	7243	1379	15.1 (11.2–20.2)	96	<0.01
Cohort	16	6519	1287	14.5 (10.3–19.9)	97	<0.01
Agroecology
Midland	15	6930	1361	15.6 (11.2–21.2)	97	<0.01
High and midland	7	2888	513	13.5 (7.82–22.3)	95	<0.01
Highland	6	2901	560	12.5 (7.45–20.2)	92	<0.01
Lowland	2	1043	232	20.0 (8.55–40.2)	96	<0.01
Calf breed
Indigenous	10	4831	734	10.5 (6.87–15.8)	95	<0.01
Cross	20	8931	1932	17.1 (13.2–21.6)	95	<0.01
Year of study
1991–2000	3	1216	355	27.1 (19.4–35.4)	95	<0.01
2001–2010	8	4798	851	18.7 (13.6–24.4)	95	<0.01
2011–2016	10	4498	741	14.2 (10.5–18.3)	91	<0.01
2017–2020	9	3250	719	8.46 (2.34–17.6)	98	<0.01
Sample size
<200	7	934	121	11.2 (6.84–17.6)	79	<0.01
200–384	6	1339	163	11.3 (6.70–18.5)	85	<0.01
>384	17	11489	2382	17.7 (13.6–22.8)	97	<0.01