Sonographic Fetal Death in Goats in Khartoum State, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Univariate analysis of associated risk factors with fetal death in 439 pregnant goats using chi-square test.

Risk factors	No. examined	No. positive	%	χ^2	df	P value
Season of the year
Winter	180	12	6.7
Dry summer	115	15	13.04	4.873	2	.087
Wet summer	144	9	6.3
Locality
Khartoum	84	10	11.9
Um-Badah	46	5	10.9
Bahri	47	3	6.38	4.398	5	.494
Sharq El Nile	126	10	7.94
Karari	121	6	5.00
Um-Durman	15	2	13.3
Breed of the dam
Saanen	273	30	11.0
Saanen crosses	76	3	3.94	7.147	3	.067
Damascus	44	1	2.27
Local breed	40	2	5.0
Age of the dam
0.5-2 year	185	11	5.94
> 2-4 years	148	15	10.13	2.566	2	0.277
> 4-6 years	34	4	11.76
Parity number
Nulliparous	119	8	6.72
Primiparous	53	2	3.77	3.024	2	0.221
Multiparous	243	25	10.28
Breed of buck
Saanen	321	29	9.03
Damascus	33	2	6.06	0.560	2	0.756
Local breed	18	1	5.55
Feeding type
Roughages	8	0	0.00	0.728	1	0.394
mixed	431	36	8.35

df = degree of freedom, χ² = chi square, P value = probability value
numbers less than the total (439) is due to unavailable data.