Research Article
Investigation into the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Calves among Small-Holder Dairy and Traditional Herds in Tanzania
Table 1
Characteristics of the 117 selected calves in terms of animal- and herd-level variables from Tanga (May 2003–January 2004).
| Category | Levels | Frequency | Percentages |
| Herd-level factors () |
| Production system | Smallholders | 28 | 63.6 | Traditional | 16 | 36.4 |
| Flooring system | Concrete | 14 | 31.8 | Kraal/stones | 28 | 63.6 | Wooden | 2 | 4.5 |
| Level of cleanness | Very dirty | 9 | 20.4 | Slightly dirty | 21 | 47.7 | Clean | 14 | 31.8 |
| Source of water | Tap water | 22 | 50 | Shallow wells | 4 | 9.09 | River, pond, rain | 18 | 40.9 |
| Area level factors () |
| Calf location | Urban | 17 | 14.5 | Peri-urban | 30 | 25.6 | Rural | 70 | 59.9 |
| Calf-factors () |
| Breed | Cross-bred | 50 | 42.7 | Indigenous TSHZ | 67 | 57.3 |
| Age | ≤1 month | 37 | 42.7 | ≥1 to ≤2 months | 48 | 41.02 | ≤3 months | 32 | 27.3 |
| Health status | Ill signs/diarrheic | 0 | 0 | healthy | 117 | 100 |
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