Study (reference) Assessment tool Pretreatment ( ) Posttreatment ( ) Follow-up ( ) value (pre-post) value (pre-follow up) value (post-follow-up)MCID (yes/no) Treatment time/splint wearing time Abba et al. [48 ] FMA-UE Sign. Yes Low/low De Diego et al. [52 ] FMA-UE Sign. No Low/low MAL-QOM N/S No MAL-AOU Sign. No Kwakkel et al. [46 ] ARAT Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc Low/low FMA-UE N/S N/S N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MI-UE N/S N/S N/R — SIS-HF N/S N/S N/R — WMFT-PT N/S N/S N/R Noa , nob , and noc WMFT-FA Sign. N/S N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-QOM N/S N/S N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-AOU N/S N/S N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc NHPT N/S N/S N/R — Bang [44 ] ARAT Sign. Noa Low/moderate FMA-UE Sign. Noa MAL-AOU Sign. Noa MAL-QOM Sign. Noa Bang, et al., 2015 [45 ] ARAT 26.00 (24.00–28.50)d 39.00 (34.00–40.50)d Sign. Noa Low/moderate FMA-UE 39.00 (36.50–47.00)d 46.00 (44.00–50.00)d Sign. Noa MAL-AOU 1.68 (1.19–1.79)d 2.73 (2.59–2.86)d Sign. Yesa MAL-QOM 1.72 (1.34–1.92)d 2.85 (2.72–3.04)d Sign. Yesa Bhattacharjee et al. [34 ] SHFT Sign. — Low/moderate Brunner et al. [50 ] ARAT Sign. Sign. N/R Noa , yesb , and noc Low/Moderate NHPT Sign. Sign. N/R — MAL-AOU Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-QOM Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc El-Helow et al. [31 ] FMA-UE Sign. Yesa Low/moderate ARAT Sign. Yesa Kaviraja et al. [35 ] FMA-UE Sign. Yesa Low/moderate Treger et al. [40 ] MFT N/R N/R N/S N/R — Low/moderate Peg transfer N/R N/R Sign. N/R — Ball grasping N/R N/R Sign. N/R — Eating with a spoon N/R N/R Sign. N/R — Van Delden et al. [47 ] ARAT Sign. N/R Sign. Yesa , yesb , and noc Low/moderate FMA-UE Sign. N/R Sign. Noa , yesb , and noc NHPT Sign. N/R N/S — MAL-AOU Sign. N/R N/S Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-QOM Sign. N/R N/S Yesa , yesb , and noc SIS-HF Sign. N/R N/S — Baldwin et al. [25 ] WMFT-PT N/S N/S N/R Noa , nob , and noc Low/high WMFT-FA N/S Sign. N/R Noa , nob , and noc MAL-QOM Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-AOU Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc McNulty et al. [26 ] WMFT-PT 13.46 (6.7–24.53)d 9.97 (5.47–20.08)d 9.97 (4.9–18.17)d Sign. N/R N/S Yesa , yesb , and noc Low/high MAL-QOM 1.6 (1.6–1.92)d 1.96 (1.88–2.03)d 1.94 (1.8–2.02)d Sign. N/R Sign. Noa , nob , and noc FMA-UE 40.45 (36.60–54.60)d 44.7 (36.60–54.60)d 49.4 (29.96–73.70)d Sign. N/R Sign. Noa , nob , and noc Box and block test 2.4 (1.7–3.2)d 2.8 (2.2–3.4)d 2.8 (2.1–3.4)d Sign. N/R N/S — Grooved pegboard 5.0 (4.7–5.3)d 5.0 (4.6–5.3)d 5.2 (4.8–5.5)d N/S N/R N/S — Singh and Pradhan [37 ] WMFT Sign. — Low/high FMA-UE Sign. Yesa Smania et al. [41 ] WMFT-FA Sign. Sign. N/R Noa , yesb , and noc Low/high WMFT-PT Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and yesc MAL-AOU Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-QOM Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc Trinh et al. [27 ] WMFT-PT 17.5 (5.2–74.0)d 11.4 (3.0–65.3)d Sign. Yesa Low/high MAL-QOM 1.6 (1.65–1.91)d 1.9 (1.66–2.03)d Sign. Noa Khan et al. [53 ] WMFT-PT Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc Moderate/low WMFT-FA Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-AOU Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-QOM Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc Rocha et al. [28 ] FMA-UE Sign. Yesa Moderate/low Bhardwaj et al. [33 ] Box and block test1 Sign — Moderate/moderate Box and block test2 Sign. — Lin et al. [54 ] FMA-UE Sign. Noa Moderate/moderate MAL-AOU Sign. Yesa MAL-QOM Sign. Yesa Otadi et al. [39 ] MAL-QOM Sign. N/R Sign. Yesa , yesb , and noc Moderate/moderate MAL-AOU Sign. N/R Sign. Yesa , yesb , and yesc WMFT-PT Sign. N/R Sign. Yesa , yesb , and yesc WMFT-FA Sign. N/R Sign. Yesa , yesb , and noc Wu et al. [55 ] ARAT Sign. Noa Moderate/moderate MAL-AOU Sign. Noa MAL-QOM Sign. Yesa SIS-HF Sign. — Wu et al. [56 ] WMFT-PT Sign. Yesa Moderate/moderate WMFT-FA Sign. Noa MAL-AOU Sign. Yesa MAL-QOM Sign. Yesa Wu et al. [57 ] FMA-UE Sign. Noa Moderate/moderate MAL-AOU Sign. Noa MAL-QOM Sign. Noa Yadav et al. [38 ] FMA-UE Sign. Sign. Sign. Yesa , yesb , and noc Moderate/moderate MAL-AOU Sign. Sign. Sign. Noa , nob , and noc MAL-QOM Sign. Sign. Sign. Noa , nob , and noc Yu et al. [30 ] WMFT-FA Sign. N/R N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc Moderate/moderate WMFT-PT Sign. N/R N/R Yesa , yesb , and yesc MAL-AOU Sign. N/R N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-QOM Sign. N/R N/R Yesa , yesb , and yesc Doussoulin et al. [29 ] MAL-AOU3 Sign. N/R Sign. Yesa , yesb , and noc Moderate/high MAL-AOU4 Sign. N/R Sign. Yesa , yesb , and noc ARAT3 Sign. N/R Sign. Noa , nob , and noc ARAT4 Sign. N/R Sign. Yesa , yesb , and noc Gauthier et al. [23 ] MAL-QOM Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and yesc Moderate/high WMFT-PT Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc Huseyinsinoglu et al. [58 ] MAL-QOM Sign. Yesa Moderate/high MAL-AOU Sign. Yesa WMFT-FA Sign. Yesa WMFT-PT Sign. Yesa MESUPES Sign. — Uswatte et al. [24 ] MAL-QOM 0.90 (0.5–1.4)d 3.6 (2.7–4.5)d 2.9 (1.9–4)d Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc Moderate/high WMFT-PT 2.22 (1.71–3)d 1.96 (1.44–2.91)d Sign. — Thrane et al. [51 ] WMFT-PT Sign. N/R Sign. Yesa , nob , and noc Moderate/high WMFT-FA Sign. N/R Sign. Noa , yesb , and noc FMA – UE Sign. N/R Sign. Noa , yesb , and noc NHPT Sign. N/R Sign. — SIS-HF N/R N/R Sign. N/R Sign. — Tariah et al. [43 ] WMFT-PT 10.25 7.86 Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and yesc High/low WMFT-FA Sign. Sign. N/R Noa , nob , and noc MAL-AOU Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc MAL-QOM Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc FMA-UE Sign. Sign. N/R Noa , nob , and noc Barzel et al. [32 ] MAL-QOM Sign. Sign. N/R Noa , nob , and noc High/moderate MAL-AOU Sign. Sign. N/R Noa , nob , and noc WMFT-PT Sign. Sign. N/R Yesa , yesb , and noc WMFT-FA Sign. N/S N/R Noa , nob , and noc NHPT N/S N/S N/R — SIS-HF Sign. Sign. N/R — Takebayashi et al. [42 ] MAL-AOU5 Sign. Sign. Sign. Noa , yesb , and noc High/moderate MAL-AOU6 Sign. Sign. N/S Noa , nob , and noc FMA-UE5 Sign. Sign. N/S Noa , yesb , and noc FMA-UE6 Sign. Sign. N/S Noa , nob , and noc Abdullahi [49 ] FMA-UE Sign. Sign. Sign. Yesa , yesb , and noc High/high MAL-QOM Sign. Sign. Sign Noa , yesb , and noc MAL-AOU Sign. Sign. Sign. Noa , yesb , and noc WMFT-FA N/S N/S Sign. Noa , yesb , and noc UPSET Sign. Sign. N/S — Shah et al. [36 ] NHPT N/S — High/high MAL Sign. Noa FMA Sign. —