Changes to Biceps and Supraspinatus Tendons in Response to a Progressive Maximal Treadmill-Based Propulsion Aerobic Fitness Test in Manual Wheelchair Users: A Quantitative Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Study

Table 3

Summary of biomarkers of tendon integrity for the long head of the biceps and supraspinatus tendons and of the acromiohumeral distance measured before (pre), immediately after (post), and 48 hrs after the wheelchair test.

			Pre			Post			48 hrs
			Percentiles			Percentiles			Percentiles			Comparisons
Structure	Measure		25th	50th (median)	75th	25th	50th (median)	75th	25th	50th (median)	75th	value	Khi-Carré
Biceps	Transverse	Thickness	2.817	3.358	4.027	3.06	3.478	4.006	3.337	3.575	4.462	0.247	2.8
		Area	20.369	26.384	32.077	21.177	26.764	34.507	25.893	30.952	32.039	0.063	5.538
		Echogenicity	59.904	62.844	104.846	57.922	71.742	96.956	50.783	68.179	78.333	0.936	0.133
		Skewness	0.354	0.518	0.627	0.16	0.386	0.493	0.263	0.535	0.608	0.819	0.4
		Variance	237.82	332.285	560.691	309.479	412.658	512.996	291.032	355.446	460.241	0.807	0.429
		Contrast	0.48	0.7	1.412	0.542	0.809	1.587	0.457	0.645	0.991	0.751	0.571
		Entropy	5.806	5.988	6.324	6.007	6.154	6.271	5.897	6.042	6.167	0.936	0.133
	Longitudinal	Thickness	3.312	3.724	4.255	3.264	3.979	4.495	3.445	4.019	4.796	0.189	3.333
		Echogenicity	64.663	83.291	92.942	71.665	89.9	93.86	58.273	63.045	88.264	0.247	2.8
		Skewness	0.385	0.497	0.705	0.348	0.409	0.762	0.4	0.503	0.826	1	0
		Variance	226.077	298.044	374.762	229.233	317.033	436.665	182.577	280.012	404.772	0.807	0.429
		Contrast	0.55	0.897	1.247	0.557	1.081	1.422	0.461	0.675	1.117	0.607	1
		Entropy	5.828	5.921	6.128	5.725	5.989	6.177	5.603	5.96	6.229	0.627	0.933
Supraspinatus	Transverse	Thickness	5.399	6.699	7.319	5.75	6.561	7.468	5.689	6.546	7.128	0.247	2.8
		Echogenicity	63.892	72.676	78.858	56.816	64.838	71.624	59.606	67.731	71.066	0.344	2.133
		Skewness	0.308	0.748	0.875	0.4	0.489	0.841	0.301	0.632	0.694	0.627	0.933
		Variance	524.367	570.404	873.071	435.754	551.808	704.346	424.84	576.67	749.165	0.247	2.8
		Contrast	0.532	0.673	0.863	0.524	0.613	0.696	0.564	0.612	0.678	0.395	1.857
		Entropy	6.277	6.383	6.6	6.199	6.31	6.42	6.191	6.4	6.478	0.42	1.733
	Longitudinal	Thickness	3.17	4.54	7.063	3.047	4.216	6.537	3.339	4.772	6.505	0.085	4.933
		Echogenicity	41.174	49.502	55.095	41.252	50.625	68.397	46.578	56.56	69.437	0.247	2.8
		Skewness	0.553	0.755	0.861	0.439	0.626	0.816	0.412	0.575	0.724	0.168	3.571
		Variance	358.921	568.832	695.991	371.866	515.437	732.862	504.097	677.26	911.744	0.223	3
		Contrast	0.301	0.457	0.656	0.361	0.5	0.696	0.388	0.552	0.743	0.344	2.133
		Entropy	6.048	6.366	6.493	6.101	6.335	6.589	6.225	6.507	6.657	0.344	2.133
Acromiohumeral	Distance	Transverse	1.013	1.073	1.1	1.01	1.103	1.167	0.91	1.05	1.173	0.284	2.517