Cerebral stroke is a primary cause of death and disability. Due to the occlusion and disruption of blood vessels, oxidative and nitrosative stress plays a significant role in neurological damage. Various therapies are available for treating ischemic stroke, attracting the interest of researchers developing novel approaches to combat this condition.

Treatment for strokes may be improved by recent developments in drug discovery and delivery using nanoparticles. The nanoparticle formulations have demonstrated high sensitivity, target specificity, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration ability for mitigating neuropathology. Researchers are working to develop nanoformulations using microRNA, phytochemicals, synthetic molecules, and peptides that can modulate the molecular mediators of neurological dysfunction. Phytochemicals coupled with or encapsulated with Nanoparticles may also have the potential to develop as neurotherapeutics.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present evidence of the potential of nanoformulations in ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatments. We welcome original research and review papers focused on the use of nanoparticle-based formulations of synthetic compounds, phytochemicals, endogenous molecules, and peptides in improving neurological dysfunctions in preclinical and clinical studies. We encourage studies carried out using in vivo and in vitro models to explore the mechanism of action and interaction of nanoformulation with molecular mediators of oxidative/nitrosative stress caused by the ischemic and hemorrhagic conditions. Rather than only in vitro experiments or in silico work, we will consider research that includes a combination of in vitro/in silico and in vivo applications to models of cerebral stroke and TBI.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• ̌Neuroprotective mechanism of action underlying the biological effect of nanoformulation on ischemic stroke/hemorrhagic stroke/traumatic brain injury
• Brain penetration and distribution study of nanoformulation and validation of their neuroprotective potential in global/focal ischemic model
• Efficacy and Mechanism of nanoformulation in TBI rodent model and evaluation of neuroregeneration potential
• Delineation of the interaction of nanoformulation with conventional Neuroprotective Drugs
• Targeted drug delivery system for mitigating the side effects and enhanced efficacy
• Enhancement of therapeutic windows of tPA or other conventional therapy of cerebral ischemia using nanoformulation
• Oxidative stress, Mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in cerebral stroke and therapeutic potential of nanoformulation.