Atrial Dyssynchrony Measured by Strain Echocardiography as a Marker of Proarrhythmic Remodeling and Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Surgery Patients

Figure 1

Two-dimensional atrial strain curves. (a) Atrial strain and strain rate curves and determination of atrial mechanics according to an R-R wave-timed analysis. Deformation rate time (DRT) is determined from the beginning of the P wave in the electrocardiogram to the maximum deflection of the strain rate contractile phase (STct). (b) Four-chamber view of speckle tracking left atrial strain. (c) Atrial strain curves. The white, dashed, and dotted line shows the average strain curve for the six segments of the atria in that view. (d) Atrial strain rate curves. (e) Determination of DRT in a segment of left atria. The measurement agreed with the scheme in (a). (f) Schematic four-chamber view of how DRT can show the activation in time of different segments from both atria. B: base segment; M: medium segment; R: roof segment.

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