Oxidative Storm Induced by Tryptophan Metabolites: Missing Link between Atherosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease

Figure 2

Tryptophan metabolism pathways, including derivatives involved in the production of reactive oxygen species. 3-HAO: 3-hydroxyanthranilate-3,4-dioxygenase; FK: formidase; IDO: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; KAT: kynurenine aminotransferase; KMO: kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; KZ: kynureninase; L-TRP: L-tryptophan; QPRT: quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TDO: tryptophan dioxygenase.