Chronic Systemic Inflammation Exacerbates Neurotoxicity in a Parkinson’s Disease Model

Figure 3

Serum inflammatory cytokines increase after LPS administration and MPTP challenge. Mice were administered with saline solution, mLPS (100 μg/kg twice a week for three months), or sLPS (5 mg/kg), followed by MPTP (30 mg/kg for five consecutive days). The levels of IL1β (a), IL6 (b), IFNγ (c), TNFα (d), IL10 (e), and TGFβ (f) were analyzed by ELISA. Data represent () and were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey’s post hoc test. Different letters indicate significant differences among the experimental groups ().

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)