ROS from Physical Plasmas: Redox Chemistry for Biomedical Therapy

Figure 6

The cell membrane is the key compartment that plasma-derived ROS need to penetrate or interact with to elicit biological responses. While some ROS are able to penetrate cellular membranes (e.g., ozone, nitric oxide and atomic oxygen), other more polar ROS cannot (e.g., singlet delta oxygen, nitrite, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, hydrogen, and peroxynitrite). Hydrogen peroxide is actively transported into the cells via transporters such as aquaporins.