The Ameliorative Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Salicornia europaea L. and Its Bioactive Candidate, Irilin B, on LPS-Induced Microglial Inflammation and MPTP-Intoxicated PD-Like Mouse Model

Figure 3

The cytotoxicity effects and NO inhibitory potential of SE-EA in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. SE-EA (20,100, and 200 μg/mL) were treated onto BV-2 cells with or without LPS and incubated in a CO₂-supplied incubator for 20 hours. A ROS defense protein and HO-1 expression levels were analysed by a western blot and qRT-PCR (a). SE-EA treatment onto BV-2 microglial cells reduced ROS levels and induced HO-1 expressions. Anti-inflammatory effects of SE-EA in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. SE-EA (20, 100, and 200 μg/mL) and LPS (200 ng/mL) were cotreated onto BV-2 cells, which were incubated for 20 hours in a CO₂-supplied incubator. Each group’s nitric oxide release was measured using a Griess reagent, and cell viability was assayed by an MTT reagent (b). Of the western blot analysis, inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2 expression levels were presented. The intensity of each protein band was measured using ImageJ (c). The expressions of iNOS, COX-2, and proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured by qRT-PCR analysis (d). SE-EA treatments suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes. Values are . # marks vs. the control group, marks vs. the LPS-stimulated group. , , and . ns: statistically not significant. values were achieved using a one-way ANOVA analysis (Tukey method).

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