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| Number | Authors (year) | Targets | Conditions | Age (years) | Name of herb or formula | Dose/duration | Groups | Main outcomes | Adverse reactions |
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| (1) | Liu et al. (2007) [240] | | Aging vascular dementia | ≥55 | Kangxin capsule (Fructus lycii, Herba epimedii, Radix paeoniae alba, Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, Fructus crataegi, Radix astragali, etc.) | 0.9 g once and three times per day, for 1 month | I: compound
C: piracetam | CD4, CD4, CD8-1 ↑ ()
HIS index, GDS, ET, E2·T-1 ↓ () | No adverse reactions were observed |
| (2) | Zhao et al. (2018) [241] | | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 50-75 | Ginkgo leaf tablets
Liuwei Dihuang pills | 2 Ginkgo leaf tablets and 8 Liuwei Dihuang pills, 3 times a day, for 36 months | I: compound
C: placebos | Plasma CML, 8-IsoP levels ↓ ()
FBG, PBG, BP, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C () | Drug reaction |
| (3) | Kwok et al. (2014) [242] | | Atherosclerosis in postmenopausal | | DG capsules (Danshen and ginseng) | Two capsules daily, for 12 months | I: compound
C: placebos | TC, LDL-C carotid IMT ↓ ()
BP, BMI, Glu () | No adverse reactions were observed |
| (4) | Dingzhu et al. (2015) [243] | | Carotid atherosclerosis | | Shoushen granule (Radix Polygoni multiflori, Fructus lycii, Crataegus, and Radix notoginseng) | 1 tablet once daily for 24 weeks | I: compound
C: pravastatin | baPWV, IMTEp, AI, PWVβ ↓ () | Not reported |
| (5) | Lv et al. (2016) [244] | | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 50-80 | Naoxintong (Radix astragali, Angelica sinensis, Radix paeoniae rubra, and Ligusticum wallichii) | 1.2 g per day for 3 months | I: compound
C: blank control | HbA1c ↓ ()
Proliferative effects, migration ability, antiapoptotic function of HUVECs ↑ ()
TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C () | Not reported |
| (6) | Akhondzadeh et al. (2003) [245] | | Alzheimer’s disease | 65-80 | Salvia officinalis extract | 60 drops daily for 16 weeks | I: compound
C: placebos | ADAS-cog, CDR-SB ↓ () | Vomiting, wheezing, nausea |
| (7) | Akhondzade et al. (2010) [246] | | Alzheimer’s disease | | Saffron | 15 mg twice per day, for 16 weeks | I: compound
C: placebos | ADAS-cog, CDR-SB ↓ () | Dry mouth |
| (8) | Jia et al. (2014) [247] | | Vascular dementia | | SaiLuoTong (Ginkgo biloba, ginsenosides, saffron) | 360/240 mg daily, for 52 weeks | I: compound
C: placebos | VaD Assessment Scale—cognitive subscale scores (, 26 weeks) | Mild gastrointestinal intolerance, abnormal alanine aminotransferase, dreaminess |
| (9) | Tajadini et al. (2015) [248] | | Alzheimer’s disease | >50 | Davaie Loban | 500 mg, three times daily, for 3 months | I: compound
C: placebos | ADAS-cog, CDR-SB ↓ () | Without any adverse drug reaction |
| (10) | Uno et al. (2005) [249] | | Type 2 diabetes | | Goshajinkigan | 7.5 g daily for 1 month | I: combined compound and OHAs
C: OHAs | HOMA-R, FBG TC, TG ↓ ()
HbA1c () | No adverse reactions were observed |
| (11) | Cho et al. (2009) [250] | | Healthy female | | Red ginseng root extract mixed with Torilus fructus and Corni fructus | 3 g daily for 24 weeks | I: compound
C: placebos | Facial wrinkles ↓
Type I procollagen gene, protein expression ↑ | Gastrointestinal discomfort |
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