The Preventive Effects and the Mechanisms of Action of Navel Orange Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Naringin, and Naringenin in N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats
Table 5
Histopathological scores of liver lesions in normal control, APAP, APAP + peel extract, APAP + naringin, and APAP + naringenin groups.
Histopathological changes
Score
Normal control
APAP
APAP + peel extract
APAP + naringin
APAP + naringenin
Steatosis and fatty changes
0
6 (100%)
1 (16.7%)
5 (83.3%)
5 (83.3%)
5 (83.3%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
II
—
2 (33.3%)
—
—
—
III
—
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
—
—
Inflammation
0
6 (100%)
1 (16.7%)
4 (66.7%)
5 (83.3%)
5 (83.3%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
—
—
II
—
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
III
—
2 (33.3%)
—
—
—
Necrosis
0
6 (100%)
1 (16.7%)
4 (66.7%)
4 (66.7)
5 (83.3%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
II
—
3 (50%)
—
1 (16.7%)
—
III
—
1 (16.7)
—
—
—
Hydropic degeneration
0
6 (100%)
3 (50.0%)
6 (100%)
6 (100%)
6 (100%)
I
—
—
—
—
—
II
—
1 (16.7%)
—
—
—
III
—
2 (33.3%)
—
—
—
Vacuolar degeneration
0
6 (100%)
—
4 (66.7%)
1 (16.7%)
6 (100%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
—
II
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
—
III
—
4 (66.7%)
—
1 (16.7%)
—
Vascular congestion
0
6 (100%)
2 (33.3%)
5 (83.3%)
4 (66.7%)
4 (66.7%)
I
—
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
II
—
1 (16.7%)
—
—
1 (16.7%)
III
—
1 (16.7%)
—
1 (16.7%)
—
Kupffer cell proliferation
0
6 (100%)
2 (33.3%)
4 (66.7%)
4 (66.7%)
3 (15.0%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
II
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
—
1 (16.7%)
III
—
2 (33.3%)
—
—
1 (16.7%)
0: absence of lesion; I: mild; II: moderate; and III: severe. The number of animals in each group is 6. The % in parentheses is the percent of animals in each grade.