Curcumin Exerted Neuroprotection against Ozone-Induced Oxidative Damage and Decreased NF-κB Activation in Rat Hippocampus and Serum Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines

Figure 5

(a) Serum concentration of TNF-α in the acute exposure to O₃. Statistical difference between the AOC vs AIC and ACC groups. Statistical difference between the AOC vs AT and AP groups. (b) Serum concentration of TNF-α in the chronic exposure to O₃. Statistical difference between the COC and CT groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

(a)

(b)