Research Article
Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Polish Adults: A Nationwide Study
Table 1
General characteristics of studied population (
) according to prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
| | Total | Metabolic syndrome | | No | Yes |
| Gender, N (%) | 5690 (100) | 3662 (64.36) | 2028 (35.64) | <0.0001 | Men | 2554 (44.89) | 1554 (60.85) | 1000 (39.15) | Women | 3136 (55.11) | 2108 (67.22) | 1028 (32.78) | Age (years), mean ± SD | 50.08 ± 16.44 | 46.11 ± 16.32 | 57.25 ± 14.04 | <0.0001 | Age, N (%) | | | | <0.0001 | 20–39 | 1724 (30.30) | 1485 (86.14) | 239 (13.86) | 40–59 | 2202 (38.70) | 1346 (61.13) | 856 (38.87) | >60 | 1764 (31.00) | 831 (47.11) | 933 (52.89) | BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.17 ± 5.19 | 25.44 ± 4.59 | 30.24 ± 4.76 | <0.0001 | BMI, N (%) | | | | <0.0001 | <18.5 kg/m2 | 91 (1.61) | 91 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 1985 (34.91) | 1758 (88.58) | 227 (11.42) | 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 2120 (37.25) | 1283 (60.53) | 837 (39.47) | >30 kg/m2 | 1494 (26.23) | 505 (33.78) | 989 (66.22) | Educational level, N (%) | | | | <0.0001 | Under middle | 2274 (39.96) | 1235 (54.29) | 1039 (45.71) | Middle | 2140 (37.62) | 1425 (66.60) | 715 (33.40) | High | 1276 (22.42) | 1002 (78.49) | 274 (21.51) | Leisure time physical activity, N (%) | | | | <0.0001 | Low level | 2614 (45.94) | 1601 (61.23) | 1013 (38.77) | Middle level | 1478 (25.98) | 1035 (70.06) | 443 (29.94) | High level | 1598 (28.08) | 1028 (64.32) | 570 (35.68) | Currently working, N (%) | | | | <0.0001 | Yes | 2980 (52.37) | 2127 (71.39) | 853 (28.61) | No | 2710 (47.63) | 1534 (56.59) | 1176 (43.41) | Currently smoking, N (%) | | | | 0.0575 | Yes | 1647 (28.95) | 1049 (63.69) | 598 (36.31) | No | 4043 (71.05) | 2411 (59.64) | 1632 (40.36) | Alcohol intake (g ethanol/day), mean ± SD | 5.74 ± 12.25 | 5.50 ± 11.80 | 6.18 ± 13.01 | 0.0368 | Energy intake (kcal/day), mean ± SD | 1965.0 ± 847.9 | 1975.0 ± 831.8 | 1946.9 ± 876.1 | 0.0839 | DPI (mg/day), mean ± SD | 2025.0 ± 892.0 | 2036.0 ± 886.5 | 2005.2 ± 901.9 | 0.1251 | DTAC (mmol/day), mean ± SD | 12.31 ± 7.37 | 12.34 ± 6.86 | 12.27 ± 8.22 | 0.2567 |
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N: number; BMI: body mass index; DTAC: dietary total antioxidant capacity; DPI: dietary polyphenol intake.
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