Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Polish Adults: A Nationwide Study

Table 1

General characteristics of studied population () according to prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

	Total	Metabolic syndrome
		No	Yes
Gender, N (%)	5690 (100)	3662 (64.36)	2028 (35.64)	<0.0001
Men	2554 (44.89)	1554 (60.85)	1000 (39.15)
Women	3136 (55.11)	2108 (67.22)	1028 (32.78)
Age (years), mean ± SD	50.08 ± 16.44	46.11 ± 16.32	57.25 ± 14.04	<0.0001
Age, N (%)				<0.0001
20–39	1724 (30.30)	1485 (86.14)	239 (13.86)
40–59	2202 (38.70)	1346 (61.13)	856 (38.87)
>60	1764 (31.00)	831 (47.11)	933 (52.89)
BMI (kg/m^2), mean ± SD	27.17 ± 5.19	25.44 ± 4.59	30.24 ± 4.76	<0.0001
BMI, N (%)				<0.0001
<18.5 kg/m^2	91 (1.61)	91 (100.00)	0 (0.00)
18.5–24.9 kg/m^2	1985 (34.91)	1758 (88.58)	227 (11.42)
25–29.9 kg/m^2	2120 (37.25)	1283 (60.53)	837 (39.47)
>30 kg/m^2	1494 (26.23)	505 (33.78)	989 (66.22)
Educational level, N (%)				<0.0001
Under middle	2274 (39.96)	1235 (54.29)	1039 (45.71)
Middle	2140 (37.62)	1425 (66.60)	715 (33.40)
High	1276 (22.42)	1002 (78.49)	274 (21.51)
Leisure time physical activity, N (%)				<0.0001
Low level	2614 (45.94)	1601 (61.23)	1013 (38.77)
Middle level	1478 (25.98)	1035 (70.06)	443 (29.94)
High level	1598 (28.08)	1028 (64.32)	570 (35.68)
Currently working, N (%)				<0.0001
Yes	2980 (52.37)	2127 (71.39)	853 (28.61)
No	2710 (47.63)	1534 (56.59)	1176 (43.41)
Currently smoking, N (%)				0.0575
Yes	1647 (28.95)	1049 (63.69)	598 (36.31)
No	4043 (71.05)	2411 (59.64)	1632 (40.36)
Alcohol intake (g ethanol/day), mean ± SD	5.74 ± 12.25	5.50 ± 11.80	6.18 ± 13.01	0.0368
Energy intake (kcal/day), mean ± SD	1965.0 ± 847.9	1975.0 ± 831.8	1946.9 ± 876.1	0.0839
DPI (mg/day), mean ± SD	2025.0 ± 892.0	2036.0 ± 886.5	2005.2 ± 901.9	0.1251
DTAC (mmol/day), mean ± SD	12.31 ± 7.37	12.34 ± 6.86	12.27 ± 8.22	0.2567

N: number; BMI: body mass index; DTAC: dietary total antioxidant capacity; DPI: dietary polyphenol intake.