Occupational Exposure to Pesticides in Tobacco Fields: The Integrated Evaluation of Nutritional Intake and Susceptibility on Genomic and Epigenetic Instability

Table 1

Population descriptive, including nutritional intake data (based on individuals’ reminder intake) and vitamin B12 serum level.

Parameters	Nonexposed ()	Exposed ()	value^a
Gender (n, %)
Male	19 (47.5)	19 (47.5)	>0.999^b
Female	21 (52.5)	21 (52.5)
Age ()	45.6 ± 1.7	45.0 ± 1.8	0.797
Male	45.3 ± 2.6	44.5 ± 2.7	0.824
Female	45.8 ± 2.4	45.4 ± 2.5	0.891
^c	0.8907	0.8173
Years of work in tobacco fields ()	—	28.3 ± 2.1
Male	0	29.8 ± 3.2
Female	0	26.8 ± 2.8
^c	—	0.4919
Body mass index (BMI)	27.8 ± 0.8	27.6 ± 0.9	0.844
Male	27.2 ± 0.8	25.5 ± 0.8	0.120
Female	27.1 ± 1.0	28.4 ± 1.2	0.439
p^c	0.9360	0.1000
Dietary intake
Lipids (%)^d	31.8 ± 1.2	30.4 ± 0.8	0.333
Cholesterol (mg)	247.1 ± 20.5	339.1 ± 22.0	0.003
Fibers (g)	26.5 ± 1.0	24.8 ± 1.4	0.312
Vitamin B6 (mg)	1.86 ± 0.07	2.24 ± 0.11	0.006
Folate (μg)	177.5 ± 15.3	180.3 ± 13.0	0.890
Vitamin C (mg)	91.5 ± 11.3	124.2 ± 10.7	0.041
Vitamin E (mg)	34.8 ± 2.2	36.4 ± 2.8	0.666
B-carotene (mg)	474.2 ± 56.2	724.5 ± 66.1	0.006
A-retinol (μg)	556.8 ± 52.5	473.7 ± 34.3	0.362
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL)	400.6 ± 18.2	564.0 ± 33.7	0.0004

^a value between nonexposed and exposed groups; ^bFischer’s exact test; ^c value between male and female individuals within each group; ^don a daily 2000 calorie diet. SE: standard error.