Treatment of the Fluoroquinolone-Associated Disability: The Pathobiochemical Implications

Figure 1

The schematic presentation of the ATP production system. The acetyl-CoA supports Krebs cycle to produce NADH₂. Hydrogen from NADH₂ (and FADH₂) enters the cytochrome chain. Some electrons leak before they reach oxygen generating O₂⁻ and next H₂O₂. H₂O₂ comes away from mitochondria and works as a redox signaling molecule. The amount of leaking electrons depends mainly on NADH₂/NAD ratio (hydrogen pressure). The degree of PTP opening must be precisely regulated and depends on many factors, for example, O₂⁻/H₂O₂, Ca²⁺, and ΔΨ_m.