Cytoprotective Effects of Citicoline and Homotaurine against Glutamate and High Glucose Neurotoxicity in Primary Cultured Retinal Cells

Figure 4

Combined administration of citicoline and homotaurine significantly reduces the apoptotic rate in high glucose-treated cells. Oligonucleosome fragments associated with apoptosis were quantified by cell death detection ELISA. As compared to the untreated cells, the administration of citicoline plus homotaurine demonstrated a statistically significant effect in terms of reduction of oligonucleosome levels. Data of three independent experiments are expressed as mean ± SEM of the absorbance from treated cells relative to absorbance of untreated cells. Comparison between data sets was performed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. ^# versus high glucose 96 hours. ^## versus citicoline and homotaurine alone. CitC: citicoline; Hot: homotaurine; HG: high glucose.