Antioxidant Effects of a Hydroxytyrosol-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation on Body Composition, Metabolic State, and Gene Expression: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Table 5
Body composition parameters.
Parameter
Baseline (T0) Mean ± SD ()
HTT Mean ± SD ()
p
Baseline (T2) Mean ± SD ()
PT Mean ± SD ()
p
Weight (kg)
67.35 ± 9.77
67.04 ± 9.98
0.04
66.74 ± 9.68
67.25 ± 9.91
0.52
BMI (kg/m2)
24.39 ± 3.39
24.27 ± 3.51
0.05
24.12 ± 3.33
24.37 ± 3.11
0.94
Waist circumference (cm)
77.24 ± 7.04
78.14 ± 6.93
0.16
76.78 ± 7.15
78.28 ± 9.07
0.09
Hip circumference (cm)
99.07 ± 7.67
98.92 ± 8.34
0.82
98.41 ± 7.92
99.21 ± 7.29
0.47
Waist/hip ratio
0.78 ± 0.07
0.79 ± 0.06
0.13
0.78 ± 0.06
0.78 ± 0.06
0.87
Biceps skinfold (mm)
5.99 ± 2.57
5.44 ± 2.57
0.07
5.57 ± 4.39
5.87 ± 2.49
0.13
Triceps skinfold (mm)
15.93 ± 6.36
14.83 ± 8.02
0.13
15.74 ± 7.16
16.01 ± 7.87
0.58
Subscapular skinfold (mm)
13.39 ± 3.89
12.89 ± 3.69
0.17
13.48 ± 4.65
14.26 ± 5.25
0.66
Suprailiac skinfold (mm)
12.38 ± 5.25
11.63 ± 5.13
0.01
12.66 ± 6.01
12.60 ± 5.68
0.83
FM% (skinfolds)
24.30 ± 7.29
23.44 ± 7.96
0.01
23.95 ± 7.14
23.73 ± 8.05
0.13
TBW (L)
38.03 ± 7.25
38.01 ± 7.43
0.98
37.11 ± 6.87
37.23 ± 6.99
0.06
ECW (L)
17.58 ± 8.35
16.62 ± 3.12
0.001
16.75 ± 2.72
16.34 ± 2.88
0.02
ICW (L)
20.45 ± 4.91
21.39 ± 4.79
0.14
20.36 ± 4.66
20.18 ± 4.91
0.10
Phase angle
6.02 ± 0.72
6.46 ± 0.87
0.01
6.51 ± 0.88
6.62 ± 0.85
0.02
All parameters were evaluated before and after HTT. All results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (number of replicates = 3). Statistical significance attributed to results with (between HTT and baseline (T0) or between PT and baseline (T2)) after parametric test (Student t-test). PT: placebo treatment; HTT: 15 mg/day hydroxytyrosol treatment; BMI: body mass index; FM: fat mass; TBW: total body water; ECW: extracellular water; ICW: intracellular water.