Hepatoprotective Effect of Quercetin on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation after Intense Exercise in Mice through Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Nuclear Factor-Kappa B

Figure 1

Effects of intense exercise exposure and quercetin pretreatment on serum aminotransferase levels, oxidative stress, and liver ultrastructural changes. Serum ALT (a) and AST (b) levels were measured using standard commercial assay kits. Quantification of MDA (c), ROS (d), GSH (e), and SOD (f) levels in liver tissues; the bars represent the mean ± SD ( for ROS determination, for others). (g) Hepatic ultrastructures were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Significant differences () are indicated by the different letters. A: versus rested control (Ct); B: versus intense exercise (Ex); Ex + Qu: intense exercise plus quercetin (100 mg/kg⋅bw); Qu: quercetin.

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