Efficacy of Fish Oil on Serum of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 Oxidative Stress Markers in Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Interferon Beta-1b

Table 2

Effect of fish oil and placebo on cytokines, stress oxidative markers, and clinical outcomes.

	Baseline		𝑃 value	3 months		𝑃 value	6 months		𝑃 value	9 months		𝑃 value	12 months		𝑃 value
	Mean	SD		Mean	SD		Mean	SD		Mean	SD		Mean	SD
TNF𝛼, pg/mL
Fish oil	39.8	4.7	0.66	37.4	3.9	0.01	30.8	3.1	<0.001	26.6	1.8	<0.001	22.7	2.4	<0.001
Placebo	39.4	5.6		39.5	2.6		40.2	1.5		39.9	1.1		39.1	3.1
IL-1b, pg/mL
Fish oil	44.6	4.2	0.46	40.9	3.8	0.27	28.8	1.6	<0.001	25.2	2.4	<0.001	22.2	1.8	<0.001
Placebo	44.1	4.3		40.5	2.5		40.0	1.4		40.0	1.5		37.4	8.1
IL-6, pg/mL
Fish oil	689.8	48.9	0.21	657.6	50.7	0.1	558.8	38.0	<0.001	407.6	48.7	<0.001	356.7	31.7	<0.001
Placebo	669.9	61.9		672.4	44.2		711.2	31.8		671.2	42.4		644.6	57.3
NO, μmol/L
Fish oil	12.5	1.7	0.68	12.2	0.9	<0.001	9.4	0.8	<0.001	8.3	0.8	<0.001	8.0	0.9	<0.001
Placebo	12.8	1.5		13.7	0.7		14.2	0.7		13.9	0.7		13.7	0.8
Lpo, μmol/L
Fish oil	2.5	0.98	0.64	3.1	0.90	0.96	2.9	1.1	0.25	2.6	0.8	0.25	2.1	0.9	0.79
Placebo	2.4	1.0		2.8	1.1		2.6	1.1		2.3	1.2		1.9	0.8
EDSS, score
Fish oil	2.1	0.98	0.66	—	—	—	2.1	0.9	0.73	—	—	—	2.2	1.0	0.66
Placebo	2.0	0.84		—	—		2.0	0.8		—	—		2.2	0.8
Relapses rate, number
Fish oil	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.84	0.9	0.79
Placebo	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		1	1

Data expressed in mean and standard deviation (SD), Mann-Whitney 𝑈 test.