Protective and Ameliorative Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract of Piper nigrum (L.) Stem against Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Dyslipidemia in Wistar Rats

Table 2

Effect of 17 mg/kg TLE regimen and PNS extract on the hepatic, renal, and lipid functions.

	Normal	Negative group	Positive control	ART + PNS200	ART + PNS400	ART + PNS800
ALT (U/L)	24.28 ± 5.88	26.32 ± 8.35	25.72 ± 7.26	90.82 ± 27.53^a	29.89 ± 6.12	30.62 ± 5.47
AST (U/L)	75.42 ± 6.68	84.87 ± 6.37	78.13 ± 6.12	71.75 ± 5.17	55.48 ± 3.56^b	68.35 ± 7.75
ALP (U/L)	7.75 ± 0.99	4.67 ± 0.50^c	2.97 ± 0.76^d	1.98 ± 0.33^e	2.06 ± 0.98^f	0.82 ± 0.01^g
CR (mg/dL)	0.65 ± 0.11	0.50 ± 0.06	0.57 ± 0.05	0.59 ± 0.11	0.67 ± 0.09	0.67 ± 0.07
TG (mg/dL)	54.51 ± 2.58	68.38 ± 10.52^h	45.95 ± 2.05^i	49.84 ± 2.11^j	46.26 ± 5.55^k	44.39 ± 1.81^l
TC (mg/dL)	95.48 ± 2.10	93.38 ± 4.37	104.96 ± 5.31	93.98 ± 2.04	85.92 ± 7.01	100.72 ± 2.41
TP (mg/dL)	0.61 ± 0.13	1.42 ± 0.18^m	0.70 ± 0.14^n	1.31 ± 0.13	0.91 ± 0.16	1.13 ± 0.04

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 6. Nor = administered distilled water; Neg = ART only; Pos = ART + silymarin; ART + PNS 200 mg; ART + PNS400 mg; ART + PNS 800 mg. ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j,k,l,m,n} significant difference from the normal control group. ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALP = alkaline phosphatase; CR = creatinine; TG = triglycerides; TC = total cholesterol; TP = total proteins.