Acute Toxicity and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Kyllinga polyphylla Willd. ex Kunth, Cyperaceae Family

Table 4

Antibacterial diameter of KP extracts at a concentration of 200 mg/mL.

Extracts	Antibacterial ring diameter (mm)
	Gram-positive				Gram-negative
	S. aureus	L. innocua	B. subtilis	B. cereus	E. faecalis	P. aeruginosa	Salmonella	E. coli
REt	14.17 ± 0.29^fC	11.00 ± 1.00^gAB	11.83 ± 1.04^gB	11.83 ± 0.29^hB	13.17 ± 0.29^efC	13.33 ± 0.58^gC	13.67 ± 0.58^fgC	10.33 ± 0.58^fA
RMe	14.00 ± 0.00^fE	11.17 ± 0.29^gA	11.67 ± 0.58^gAB	12.33 ± 0.58^hBC	13.00 ± 0.50^eCD	13.33 ± 0.58^gDE	14.00 ± 0.00^gE	11.17 ± 0.29^fgA
RHw	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	4.67 ± 0.58^cdBC	5.50 ± 0.87^eC	3.83 ± 0.29^bB	14.17 ± 0.76^fgE	9.17 ± 0.76^cdeD	4.50 ± 0.00^cB
RhEt	6.83 ± 0.29^dA	9.67 ± 0.58^fBC	9.67 ± 0.58^fBC	8.67 ± 1.15^gB	9.67 ± 0.58^dBC	9.33 ± 0.58^fBC	8.33 ± 1.53^cdeB	10.67 ± 0.58^fC
RhMe	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	4.00 ± 0.50^bcB	4.17 ± 0.29^cdB	4.33 ± 0.29^bB	6.17 ± 0.29^deC	6.67 ± 0.29^bcC	4.50 ± 0.50^cB
RhHw	4.00 ± 0.00^cAB	5.67 ± 0.58^dCDE	3.83 ± 0.29^bcA	6.00 ± 0.00^efDE	6.33 ± 0.58^cE	5.33 ± 0.58^cdCD	4.83 ± 0.76^bBC	5.33 ± 0.58^cdCD
APEt	6.83 ± 0.28^dA	10.67 ± 1.53^fgB	6.17 ± 0.29^deA	6.67 ± 1.15^fA	6.17 ± 0.76^cA	7.33 ± 1.54^eA	10.00 ± 0.00^deB	6.33 ± 0.58^deA
APMe	2.33 ± 0.58^bcA	2.17 ± 0.29^bA	3.17 ± 0.29^bB	4.17 ± 0.29^cdC	4.67 ± 0.58^bCD	5.00 ± 0.00^cdD	9.67 ± 0.76^cdeE	4.33 ± 0.29^bcCD
APHw	3.50 ± 0.50^cB	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	5.00 ± 1.00^cdD	3.67 ± 0.29^bcBC	4.50 ± 0.00^bCD	3.33 ± 0.58^bB	7.67 ± 0.58^bcdE	3.33 ± 0.58^bB
WEt	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	7.67 ± 0.58^eD	7.17 ± 0.29^eCD	8.50 ± 0.50^gE	6.83 ± 0.29^cC	7.17 ± 0.29^eCD	1.33 ± 0.58^aB	6.83 ± 0.29^eC
WMe	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	5.00 ± 0.00^cdC	5.00 ± 0.00^deC	4.17 ± 0.29^bB	5.17 ± 0.29^cdC	7.00 ± 1.00^bcdD	4.83 ± 0.29^cBC
WHw	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	5.00 ± 0.00^cdC	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	7.67 ± 0.58^bcdD	3.33 ± 0.29^bB
Amox	1.67 ± 1.15^abAB	3.17 ± 0.76^bcBC	0.00 ± 0.00^aA	2.83 ± 0.29^bBC	4.17 ± 0.76^bC	4.00 ± 1.00^bcC	37.00 ± 1.73^kD	0.67 ± 0.58^aA
Tetra	10.33 ± 1.54^eAB	11.33 ± 1.53^gB	13.33 ± 0.76h^B	12.83 ± 0.29^hB	14.00 ± 0.87^fB	14.00 ± 1.80^fgB	18.00 ± 5.00^hC	7.33 ± 0.58^eA
Eryth	10.00 ± 1.00^eA	16.00 ± 1.00^hB	34.00 ± 1.00^jD	35.17 ± 1.04^kD	34.83 ± 0.76^iD	15.17 ± 0.76^gB	25.33 ± 2.31^jC	27.33 ± 1.15^iC
Linco	29.00 ± 2.65^gF	3.67 ± 0.58^cA	21.67 ± 2.31i^C	26.33 ± 0.58^jE	25.17 ± 1.04^hDE	22.83 ± 0.29^hCD	11.17 ± 2.02^efB	24.50 ± 0.5^hDE
Strep	27.67 ± 2.08^gD	11.33 ± 0.58^gA	21.67 ± 1.04i^B	24.17 0.76^iC	22.00 ± 0.05^gB	23.00 ± 1.00^hBC	21.33 ± 0.58^iB	12.00 ± 1.32^gA

REt: root ethanol; RMe: root methanol; RHw: root hot water; RhEt: rhizome ethanol; RhMe: rhizome methanol; RhHw: rhizome hot water; APEt: aerial part ethanol; APMe: aerial part methanol; APHw: aerial parts hot water; WEt: whole plant ethanol; WMe: whole plant methanol; WHw: whole plant hot water; Amox: amoxicillin (1 mg/mL); tetra: tetracycline (1 mg/mL); Eryth: erythromycin (1 mg/mL); Linco: lincomycin (1 mg/mL); Strep: streptomycin (1 mg/mL); mean diameter ± SD with the same uppercase letters in 1 row and the same lowercase letters in 1 column was not statistically significant ().