Assessment of Safety Profile of Activated Curcumin C3 Complex (AC3®), Enriched Extract of Bisdemethoxycurcumin from the Rhizomes of Curcuma longa
Table 6
Effect of 28 days exposure to AC3® on biochemical parameters in Wistar rats.
Parameter
Sex
Vehicle control
Treated
Control recovery
High dose-500 mg/kg b.w recovery
Low dose-125 mg/kg b.w
Mid dose-250 mg/kg b.w
High dose-500 mg/kg b.w
Albumin (g/L)
M
29.20 ± 2.12
28.86 ± 1.37
29.64 ± 0.65
29.94 ± 1.24
29.88 ± 1.38
29.02 ± 1.58
F
30.40 ± 1.39
30.80 ± 1.37
30.28 ± 1.38
29.74 ± 1.53
29.38 ± 1.32
30.86 ± 0.88
Alanine amino transferase (U/L)
M
47.80 ± 5.22
43.00 ± 6.28
52.80 ± 9.26
44.20 ± 1.92
39.80 ± 5.72
47.40 ± 6.19
F
46.40 ± 6.69
45.20 ± 10.35
39.40 ± 6.15
44.80 ± 5.36
42.20 ± 5.12
45.60 ± 12.28
Aspartate amino transferase (U/L)
M
103.40 ± 10.81
100.20 ± 13.74
151.20 ± 28.80
104.60 ± 11.24
110.40 ± 20.11
94.00 ± 30.66
F
125.20 ± 20.78
103.20 ± 15.21
101.40 ± 6.95
106.40 ± 22.80
99.00 ± 31.29
122.40 ± 24.52
Calcium (mmol/L)
M
2.46 ± 0.07
2.45 ± 0.07
2.51 ± 0.05
2.48 ± 0.04
2.52 ± 0.05
2.54 ± 0.07
F
2.50 ± 0.09
2.49 ± 0.05
2.49 ± 0.03
2.47 ± 0.08
2.50 ± 0.10
2.52 ± 0.05
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
M
1.39 ± 0.11
1.54 ± 0.20
1.51 ± 0.13
1.70 ± 0.15
1.50 ± 0.23
1.84 ± 0.21
F
1.30 ± 0.27
1.33 ± 0.16
1.40 ± 0.25
1.46 ± 0.14
1.84 ± 0.26
1.76 ± 0.52
Creatinine kinase (U/L)
M
177.60 ± 77.29
372.20 ± 139.83
607.80 ± 617.04
460.80 ± 239.19
193.80 ± 166.58
248.60 ± 193.76
F
305.80 ± 194.60
231.20 ± 121.59
236.20 ± 53.83
275.60 ± 108.39
237.60 ± 230.61
348.00 ± 255.53
Creatinine (µmol/L)
M
24.40 ± 2.30
22.60 ± 1.82
24.20 ± 3.27
25.20 ± 3.35
28.00 ± 4.00
27.80 ± 2.68
F
30.60 ± 9.71
26.20 ± 4.32
27.40 ± 3.91
30.40 ± 7.47
30.40 ± 2.19
32.20 ± 4.55
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L)
M
1.80 ± 0.45
1.60 ± 0.55
1.60 ± 0.55
1.60 ± 0.55
1.20 ± 0.45
1.00 ± 0.00
F
1.60 ± 0.89
1.40 ± 0.55
1.40 ± 0.55
1.20 ± 0.84
1.00 ± 0.71
0.40 ± 0.55
Glucose (mmol/L)
M
6.79 ± 0.72
6.99 ± 1.20
7.56 ± 0.54
7.90 ± 0.49
8.26 ± 2.10
7.47 ± 1.33
F
6.91 ± 1.15
6.72 ± 0.78
6.81 ± 1.02
7.05 ± 0.86
7.00 ± 0.90
6.87 ± 1.43
Phosphorus (mmol/L)
M
1.82 ± 0.16
1.75 ± 0.23
1.69 ± 0.09
1.80 ± 0.13
2.03 ± 0.40
1.82 ± 0.07
F
1.39 ± 0.19
1.41 ± 0.18
1.37 ± 0.11
1.44 ± 0.11
1.71 ± 0.20
1.57 ± 0.28
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)
M
84.60 ± 18.66
127.00 ± 53.94
146.60 ± 80.66
111.60 ± 37.59
116.60 ± 59.54
89.80 ± 31.79
F
144.8 ± 40.24
86.00 ± 24.85
78.60 ± 17.53
124.60 ± 66.43
120.20 ± 66.39
154.20 ± 89.75
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)
M
2.77 ± 0.14
2.52 ± 0.15
2.81 ± 0.28
2.78 ± 0.21
2.46 ± 0.44
2.79 ± 0.50
F
3.26 ± 0.46
2.97 ± 0.16
2.92 ± 0.31
2.72 ± 0.46
2.74 ± 0.49
3.01 ± 0.69
Total protein (g/L)
M
67.90 ± 3.28
65.86 ± 2.04
71.72 ± 4.15
65.98 ± 2.22
66.10 ± 3.71
66.24 ± 3.12
F
70.74 ± 3.55
69.00 ± 2.26
68.30 ± 1.08
66.34 ± 2.84
65.44 ± 3.74
68.68 ± 3.92
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
M
0.83 ± 0.20
0.96 ± 0.18
0.78 ± 0.27
0.68 ± 0.14
0.50 ± 0.17
1.25 ± 0.42
F
0.44 ± 0.14
0.48 ± 0.21
0.50 ± 0.24
0.64 ± 0.23≠
0.88 ± 0.47
0.79 ± 0.31
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
M
4.76 ± 0.97
4.97 ± 1.42
4.86 ± 0.54
5.63 ± 1.38
6.64 ± 1.64
6.37 ± 0.95
F
4.60 ± 1.59
4.65 ± 0.57
5.85 ± 1.56
5.86 ± 0.86
7.25 ± 1.09
7.16 ± 1.33
Sodium (mmol/L)
M
140.42 ± 1.34
139.86 ± 1.01
141.08 ± 1.79
138.64 ± 1.43
141.90 ± 1.92
144.00 ± 2.92
F
138.72 ± 1.29
139.02 ± 1.36
138.76 ± 0.94
139.52 ± 1.72
140.58 ± 3.00
141.40 ± 3.93
Potassium (mmol/L)
M
3.61 ± 0.34
3.93 ± 0.85
3.49 ± 0.20
3.87 ± 0.22
4.14 ± 0.66
3.97 ± 0.34
F
3.75 ± 0.42
3.40 ± 0.12
3.53 ± 0.40
3.45 ± 0.22
3.91 ± 0.40
3.96 ± 0.61
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 5. M: male; F: female. Significant from vehicle control and control recovery () in male; ≠Significant from vehicle control () in female.
