Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by TiO2 Nanoparticles in Rats: A Morphological and Metabonomic Study
Table 4
Metabolites
Chemical shift
TiO2 0.5g/kg BW
TiO2 4g/kg BW
TiO2 16g/kg BW
Allantoin
5.38
↘
↗
↗
Creatinine
3.05
→
↗
↗
Creatine
3.93, 3.04
→
↗
↗
Taurine
3.44, 3.40
↘
↗
↗
TMAO
3.28
→
↗
↗
Hippurate
7.84, 7.64, 7.56, 3.96
→
↗
↗
α-ketoglutarate
3.44, 3.00
↗
↘
↘
Citrate
2.64, 2.56
↗
↘
↘
Betaine
3.27
↘
→
→
Trigonelline
9.1, 8.8, 8.1, 4.4
↗
→
→
Succinate
2.43
↗
↘
↘
Transaconitate
6.66
↗
↘
↘
Acetate
1.95
↗
↘
↘
Summary of the variations of urine metabolites induced by intraperitoneal administration of TiO2 NPs at day 4 after the end of the treatment. ↗: increase compared to control; ↘: decrease compared to control; →: no change.
