Role of Phytoremediation in Reducing Cadmium Toxicity in Soil and Water

Table 1

Hyperaccumulators reported for phytoremediation of heavy metals.

Heavy metal	Plant	Mechanism	Medium	References
As	Pteris vittata	Phytoextraction	Soil	[15]
	Piricum sativum	Phytostabilization	Soil	[16]
Cd	Oryza sativa	Phytoextraction	Soil	[17]
	Vetiver grass	Phytostabilization	Soil	[18]
	Lemna minor	Rhizofiltration	Water	[19]
	Allium sativum	Phytoextraction	Hydroponic solution	[20]
	Lemna minor	Rhizofiltration	Water	[19]
Cr	Brassica juncea	Phytoextraction	Soil	[21]
		Rhizofiltration	Water	[22]
Hg	Marrubium vulgare	Phytoextraction	Soil	[23]
	Pistia stratiotes	Rhizofiltration	Water	[24]
Ni	Alyssum lesbiacum	Phytoextraction	Soil	[25]
	Agropyron elongatum	Phytostabilization	Soil	[26]
		Rhizofiltration	Water	[27]
Pb	Chenopodium album	Phytoextraction	Soil	[28]
	Vetiveria zizanioides	Phytostabilization	Soil	[29]
	Hemidesmus indicus	Rhizofiltration	Water	[30]
Se	Brassica rapa L.	Phytoextraction	Soil	[31]
	Lemna minor	Rhizofiltration	Water	[32]
	Brassica spp.	Phytovolatization	Water	[33]
U	Lolium perenne	Phytoextraction	Soil	[34]
Zn	Cynodon dactylon	Phytoextraction	Soil	[28]
	Brassica juncea	Rhizofiltration	Water	[35]