Alterations in Sensitivity to Estrogen, Dihydrotestosterone, and Xenogens in B-Lymphocytes from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Twins/Siblings
Figure 3
Effects of E2, DHT, and DDE on normal human astrocyte and human cortical neuron growth and XTT/LDH ratio. The figure shows the changes in normal human astrocyte (black bars) and human cortical neuron (white bars) growth (LDH level, left column) and the XTT/LDH ratio (right column) over four days in the presence of 1.2 nM E2, 12 nM DHT, and 50 nM DDE. Each bar represents 15 individual wells of cells and the error bars are the SD. E2, DHT, and DDE inhibit astrocytic and neuronal cell growth and cause changes in mitochondrial levels. DDE: dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DHT: dihydrotestosterone; E2: estradiol; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; SD: standard deviation; XTT: 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide; XTT/LDH: ratio of XTT/LDH indicative of mitochondrial function per cell.
