Authors Publication year Region Study area Type of patients Study setting Study design Sample taken Laboratory method used for detection of UTI Type of UTI (asymptomatic or symptomatic or both) Etiological agents Sample size Case Prevalence (95% CI) Quality Alemu et al. 2012 [23 ] Amhara Gondar Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (13 symptomatic and 27 asymptomatic) Bacterial 385 40 10.4 (6.2, 15.4) 5 Ferede et al. 2012 [24 ] Amhara Gondar Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (10 symptomatic and 14 asymptomatic) Bacterial 200 24 12 (8.1, 17.4) 5 Yismaw et al. 2012 [25 ] Amhara Gondar Diabetic patients Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (18 symptomatic and 57 asymptomatic) Bacterial 422 75 17.8 (13.8, 22.1) 4 Emiru et al. 2013 [26 ] Amhara Bahir Dar Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (7 symptomatic and 28 asymptomatic) Bacterial 367 35 9.5 (5.3, 14.2) 5 Tadesse et al. 2014 [27 ] Sidama Hawassa Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 244 46 18.8 (15.3, 23.4) 5 Girma and Aemiro 2015 [18 ] Oromia Adama Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Urine microscopy and culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 367 59 16.1 (13.6, 20.3) 4 Derese et al. 2016 [28 ] Eastern Dire Dawa Pregnant women Institutional based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (15 symptomatic and 11 asymptomatic) Bacterial 186 26 14.0 (11.3, 18.7) 5 Ahmed et al. 2016 [29 ] Oromia Yabello Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Urine microscopy, urine dipstic Both (27 symptomatic and 5 asymptomatic) Bacterial, yeast, and protozoa 280 31 11.1 (7.2, 15.8) 4 Gessese et al. 2017 [30 ] Oromia Ambo Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (21 symptomatic and 35 asymptomatic) Bacterial 300 56 18.7 (14.4, 23.5) 6 Nigussie and Amsalu 2017 [31 ] Sidama Hawassa Diabetic patients Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (12 symptomatic and 21 asymptomatic) Bacterial 240 33 13.8 (10.5, 17.7) 5 Regea et al. 2017 [32 ] Oromia Nekemte Diabetic patients Institutional based Cross-sectional Clean catch midstream urine Culture method Both in symptomatic and asymptomatic Bacterial 200 33 16.5 (12.8, 20.5) 4 Abate et al. 2017 [33 ] Eastern Harar Diabetic patients Facility based Cross-sectional Clean catch midstream urine Culture method Both (19 symptomatic and 18 asymptomatic) Bacterial 240 37 15.4 (12.4, 20.8) 5 Habteyohannes et al. 2018 [34 ] Amhara Bahir Dar Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Freshly voided midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 234 27 11.5 (7.6, 16.2) 5 Ali et al. 2018 [35 ] Amhara Dessie Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Freshly voided midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 358 56 15.6 (13.7, 19.6) 5 Taye et al. 2018 [36 ] Oromia Bale Pregnant women Institutional based Cross-sectional Early morning midstream urine Culture method Both (18 symptomatic and 26 asymptomatic) Bacterial 169 44 26.0 (15.6, 28.8) 5 Negussie et al. 2018 [37 ] Eastern Jigjiga Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (4 symptomatic and 21 asymptomatic) Bacterial 190 25 13.2 (9.3, 18.5) 5 Tadesse et al. 2018 [38 ] Tigray Adigrat Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Freshly voided midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 259 55 21.2 (17.8, 26.4) 5 Kumera et al. 2018 [39 ] Sidama Hawassa Diabetic patients Hospital based Case-control Clean catch midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 100 22 22.0 (17.6, 26.4) 4 Gutema et al. 2018 [40 ] Oromia Metu Diabetic patients Institutional based Cross-sectional Clean catch midstream urine Culture method Both in symptomatic and asymptomatic Bacterial 233 39 16.7 (12.0, 21.5) 6 Mama et al. 2019 [41 ] SNNPR Arba Minch Diabetic patients Facility based Cross-sectional Clean catch midstream urine Culture method Both (52 symptomatic and 29 asymptomatic) Bacterial and yeast 239 81 33.9 (28.2, 37.9) 5 Woldemariam et al. 2019 [42 ] Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Diabetic patients Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean catch midstream urine Culture method Both (35 symptomatic and 21 asymptomatic) Bacterial and yeast 248 56 22.6 (18.4, 27.2) 4 Tula et al. 2020 [43 ] Sidama Hawassa Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (11 symptomatic and 12 asymptomatic Bacterial 296 23 7.8 (4.7, 10.8) 6 Kumalo and Tadesse 2020 [44 ] SNNPR Mizan Aman Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 260 28 10.3 (6.0, 15.0) 5 Abate et al. 2020 [45 ] Eastern Harar Pregnant women Facility based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both in symptomatic and asymptomatic Bacterial 638 90 14.1 (11.6, 17.8) 5 Edae et al. 2020 [46 ] Eastern Harar Pregnant women Institutional based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 283 56 19.9 (16.4, 24.6) 6 Wabe et al. 2020 [47 ] Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 290 49 16.9 (13.1, 21.5) 6 Belete 2020 [48 ] Amhara Dessie Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Freshly voided midstream urine Culture method Both (21 symptomatic and 29 asymptomatic) Bacterial 323 50 15.5 (13.6, 19.5) 5 Biset et al. 2020 [49 ] Amhara Gondar Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (38 symptomatic and 23 asymptomatic) Bacterial 384 61 15.9 (12.8, 20.1) 6 Alemu et al. 2020 [50 ] Amhara Dessie Diabetic patients Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean catch midstream urine Culture method Both (11 symptomatic and 28 asymptomatic) Bacterial 336 39 11.6 (7.3, 16.50) 5 Mohammed et al. 2020 [51 ] Sidama Hawassa Diabetic patients Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean catch midstream urine Culture method Both (10 symptomatic and 16 asymptomatic) Bacterial 247 26 10.5 (6.5, 13.2) 5 Abu et al. 2021 [52 ] B/Gumuz Assosa Pregnant women Facility based Cross-sectional Freshly voided midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 283 39 13.8 (10.5, 17.7) 5 Bizuwork et al. 2021 [53 ] Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Pregnant women Facility based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Asymptomatic Bacterial 281 44 15.7 (13.8, 20.7) 5 Zebene et al. 2021 [54 ] Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (14 symptomatic and 49 asymptomatic Bacterial 424 63 14.9 (11.8, 19.2) 5 Ejerssa et al. 2021 [55 ] Eastern Harar Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (13 symptomatic and 18 asymptomatic Bacterial 200 31 15.5 (13.5, 19.4) 5 Nigussie et al. 2021 [56 ] Oromia Goba Pregnant women Hospital based Cross-sectional Freshly voided midstream urine Culture method Both (37 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic Bacterial 234 56 23.9 (13.7, 24.5) 5 Worku et al. 2021 [57 ] Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Diabetic patients Hospital based Cross-sectional Freshly voided midstream urine Culture method Both (15 symptomatic and 7 asymptomatic Bacterial 225 22 9.8 (7.10, 12.70) 4 Walelgn et al. 2021 [58 ] Amhara Dessie Diabetic patients Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean catch midstream urine Urine microscopy Both in symptomatic and asymptomatic Bacterial 359 80 22.3 (18.0, 27.0) 6 Oumer et al. 2022 [59 ] Amhara Kombolcha Diabetic patients Facility based Cross-sectional Freshly voided midstream urine Culture method Both (37 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic Bacterial 282 57 20.2 (17.3, 25.8) 5 Worku et al. 2022 [60 ] Amhara Debre Tabor Diabetic patients Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean catch midstream urine Culture method Both (5 symptomatic and 23 asymptomatic Bacterial 250 28 11.2 (7.6, 15.3) 5 Assegu 2022 [61 ] Sidama Hawassa Diabetic patients Hospital based Cross-sectional Clean-catch midstream urine Culture method Both (17 symptomatic and 27 asymptomatic) Bacterial 300 44 14.7 (11.7, 19.3) 5
