Prevalence, Awareness, and Control of Hypertensive Disorders amongst Pregnant Women Seeking Healthcare in Ghana
Table 4
Factors influencing risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Variable
Category
Frequency (%)
COR
95% CI
AOR
95% CI
Age
18–24
99 (19.8)
Ref
Ref
25–29
147 (34.8)
1.72
1.00–2.98
1.82
0.82–4.06
30–34
123 (24.6)
1.83
1.02–3.27
1.38
0.57–3.32
35–39
78 (15.8)
1.95
1.03–3.71
1.21
0.45–3.23
40-44
26 (5.2)
8.03
3.02–21.36
1.71
0.43–6.92
Residence
Periurban
230 (46.0)
Ref
Ref
Urban
270 (54.0)
7.53
2.27–24.91
1.95
0.46–8.34
Educational status
No education
80 (16.0)
Ref
Ref
Primary school
30 (6.0)
0.54
0.20–1.40
0.74
0.19–2.95
Junior high school
107 (21.4)
0.56
0.30–1.06
0.27
0.10–0.68
Senior high school
129 (25.8)
0.97
0.55–1.74
0.44
0.19–1.02
Tertiary
154 (30.8)
1.85
1.06–3.23
0.53
0.20–1.43
Occupation
Gov. employee
116 (23.2)
Ref
Ref
Housewife
66 (12.0)
0.64
0.34–1.22
1.83
0.60–5.61
Private Business
318 (63.6)
0.58
0.38–0.89
2.14
0.89–5.12
Had caesarean section
Yes
182 (36.4)
2.03
1.39–2.95
1.44
0.72–2.88
Anxious of pregnancy
Yes
155 (31.0)
2.13
1.64–3.59
1.24
0.61–2.55
History chronic condition
Yes
70 (14.0)
2.58
1.54–4.32
2.66
1.21–5.82
Gravida
Primigravida
133 (26.6)
Ref
Ref
Multigravida
329 (65.8)
1.59
1.02–2.47
1.34
0.70–2.53
Grand multigravida
38 (7.6)
4.59
2.11–10.00
4.53
1.42–14.42
History of HDPs
Yes
160 (32.0)
2.58
1.54–4.32
3.61
1.89–6.90
First antenatal visit
First trimester
342 (68.4)
Ref
Ref
Second trimester
137 (27.4)
0.38
0.24–0.60
0.60
0.21–1.72
Third trimester
21 (4.2)
0.60
0.22–1.63
2.44
0.32–18.90
Number of antenatal care visit
1–3 times
261 (52.2)
Ref
Ref
4–6 times
120 (24.0)
0.20
0.12–0.33
0.81
0.35–1.89
Above 7 times
119 (23.8)
0.09
0.05–0.17
0.26
0.10–0.67
Average monthly salary
Less than ȼ400
79 (15.8)
Ref
Ref
ȼ400–ȼ799
194 (38.8)
0.73
0.39–1.39
0.67
0.27–1.67
ȼ800–ȼ1200
128 (25.6)
3.03
1.62–5.70
1.52
0.57–4.04
More than ȼ1200
99 (19.8)
8.45
4.26–16.76
4.51
1.48–13.76
Herbal medication consumption
Yes
257 (51.4)
9.17
5.86–14.35
2.92
1.15–7.41
Alcohol consumption
Yes
72 (14.4)
8.82
4.81–16.15
3.53
1.42–8.78
Source of information
Health professionals
443 (88.6)
Ref
Ref
Family & friends
15 (15.0)
0.54
0.14–2.01
0.79
0.15–4.12
Media
25 (5.0)
2.06
0.75–5.65
2.92
0.72–11.89
Others
17 (3.4)
0.11
0.01–0.82
0.33
0.03–3.20
Monitoring of blood
No
20 (16.0)
Ref
Ref
Pressure during ANC
Yes
436 (87.2)
5.75
1.32–25.10
2.19
0.24–19.81
Not sure
44 (8.8)
3.30
0.66–16.61
10.38
0.92–117.11
Adjusted for all other variables shown. Statistically significant. COR = crude odds ratio. CI = confidence interval. AOR = adjusted odds ratio. The entries in boldface are significant and must bear the symbol “” as shown in the table.
