High Seropositivity of Brucella melitensis Antibodies among Pregnant Women Attending Health Care Facilities in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate analysis of the factors associated with B. melitensis seropositivity.

Characteristics/variables		% positive	Univariate (OR, 95% CI)	value	Multivariate (aOR, 95% CI)	value
Age(years)		24 (22-29)	0.975 (0.938-1.013)	0.200	0.973 (0.931-1.016)	0.220
Gestation age (weeks)		20 (12-24)	0.954 (0.930-0.980)	0.001	0.972 (0.945-0.999)	0.045
Median (IQR) parity		1 (0-2)	0.885 (0.774-1.012)	0.075
Number of household members		3 (2-4)	0.843 (0.698-1.018	0.077
Location	Rural (86)	3 (3.5)	1
	Urban (549)	100 (18.2)	6.161 (1.908-19.894)	0.002	0.626 (0.163-2.400)	0.495
Religion	Christian (525)	78 (14.9)	1
	Muslim (110)	25 (22.7)	1.685 (1.015-2.797)	0.043	0.695 (0.407-1.187)	0.183
Marital status	Single (42)	3 (7.1)	1
	Married (593)	100 (16.9)	2.637 (0.799-8.700)	0.111
Education	Never Attended (53)	1 (1.9)	1
	Primary (266)	60 (16.4)	10.196 (1.382-75.187)	0.023
	Secondary (172)	33 (19.2)	12.345 (1.646-92.579)	0.014
	Tertiary (44)	9 (20.4)	13.371 (1.621-110.286)	0.016
Occupation	Peasant (188)	8(4.3)	1
	Housewives (178)	41 (23.0)	6.733 (3.057-14.828)	≤0.001	3.902 (1.589-9.577)	0.003
	Employed (269)	54 (20.1)	5.651 (2.620-12.186)	≤0.001	3.405 (1.412-8.208)	0.006
Socioeconomic status (SES)	Low (128)	9 (7.0)	1
	High (507)	94 (18.5)	3.009 (1.474-6.143)	0.002	1.336 (0.597-2.988)	0.480
Animal keeping	No (588)	98 (16.7)	1
	Yes (47)	5 (16.6)	0.595 (0.229-1.542)	0.286
History of fever	No (329)	56 (17.0)	1
	Yes (306)	47 (15.4)	0.884 (0.579-1.350)	0.570
Malaise	No (402)	59 (14.7)	1
	Yes (233)	44 (18.9)	1.352 (0.881-2.780)	0.167
Headache	No (307)	51 (16.6)	1
	Yes (328)	52 (15.8)	0.945 (0.620-1.442)	0.796
Myalgia	No (572)	88 (15.4)	1
	Yes (63)	15 (23.8)	1.718 (0.922-3.203)	0.088
Loss of appetite	No (431)	60 (13.9)	1
	Yes (204)	43 (21.1)	1.651 (1.071-2.546)	0.023	1.567 (0.993-2.472)	0.053
Eating raw meat	No (609)	98 (16.1)	1
	Yes (26)	5(19.2)	1.241 (0.457-3.371)	0.671
Eating roasted meat	No (230)	28 (12.3)	1
	Yes (405)	74 (18.5)	1.639 (1.026-2.618)	0.038	1.125 (0.680-1.862)	0.680
H/baby with low birth weight	No (609)	98 (16.1)	1
	Yes (26)	5 (19.2)	1.241 (0.457-3.371)	0.671
H/miscarriage	No (563)	84 (14.9)	1
	Yes (72)	19 (26.4)	2.044 (1.152-3.625)	0.014	1.940 (1.043-3.606)	0.036
H/stillbirth	No (619)	101 (16.3)	1
	Yes (16)	2 (12.5)	0.732 (0.163-3.273)	0.684
H/blood transfusion	No (588)	94 (16.0)	1
	Yes (47)	9 (19.2)	1.244 (0.582-2.659)	0.572
HIV status	Negative (574)	84 (14.6)	1
	Positive (12)	4 (33.3)	2.916 (0.859-9.902)	0.086	2.792 (0.745-10.467)	0.128
	Unknown (49)	15 (30.6)	0.573 (1.343-4.930)	0.004	1.658 (0.836-3.290)	0.147

Median with interquartile range.