The Concentration of Micronutrients and Heavy Metals in Maternal Serum, Placenta, and Cord Blood: A Cross-Sectional Study in Preterm Birth

Table 2

Maternal obstetric status and pregnancy outcome. Apart from the apparent characteristic of preterm birth, no significant difference was found between groups.

Variable	Term	Preterm	P
	(n = 25)	(n = 26)
Parity
Nulliparous	18	17	0.754
Multiparous	7	10
History of preterm
No	22	23	0.959
Yes	3	3
Gestational age upon birth (weeks)	39 (37–41)	33 (26–36)	<0.001
Birth method			0.938
Spontaneous	19	21
Caesarian section	6	6
Infant data
Birth weight (g)	3056.2 (335.32)	1897.88 (549.023)	<0.001
Body length (cm)	49.02 (2.58)	42.92 (5.12)	<0.001
Abdominal circumference (cm)	30.88 (2.03)	27.04 (3.58)	<0.001
Head circumference (cm)	32.42 (1.54)	29.13 (2.64)	<0.001
Placental weight (g)	554.8 (92.6)	426.77 (102.46)	<0.001

Chi-square test. Mann-Whitney test. Independent t-test.