Role of 17β-Estradiol on Cell Proliferation and Mitochondrial Fitness in Glioblastoma Cells

Figure 3

Effect of E2 on mitochondrial OXPHOS gene. E2 treatment significantly increased ND4, Cyb4, COXII, COXIV, COX, and NDUFA6 gene expression following 1 h treatment of E2 (Figures 3(a)–3(e)). Similarly, the treatment increases ATP synthase gene expression and peaks at 3 h (Figure 3(f)). The calculated value of 2^‐ΔΔC^t in untreated controls is 1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of at least four independent experiments. ; ; and .

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