Antagonistic Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Certain Mixtures of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and the Bulk (Al₂O₃, CuO, and SiO₂) on Gill Histology in Clarias gariepinus

Figure 3

(a) Histological section of gill exposed to nano-CuO showing oedema of primary gill lamella (OD), epithelial hyperplasia (HPS), eroded epithelium (ERE), and the blood vessel (BV) (H&E stains, ×100). (b) Histological section of gill exposed to bulk Al₂O₃ showing primary gill lamella (PGL), shortened secondary gill lamella (SSGL), hypertrophy (HPT), and some areas of mild necrosis (N) (H&E stains, ×400).

(a)

(b)