Antagonistic Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Certain Mixtures of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and the Bulk (Al₂O₃, CuO, and SiO₂) on Gill Histology in Clarias gariepinus

Figure 2

(a) Histological section of gill exposed to bulk SiO. Deformities such as oedema of secondary gill lamella (OD), hypertrophy (HPT), and epithelial hyperplasia are observed (HPS). Primary gill lamella is also observed (H&E stains, ×400). (b) Histological section of gill exposed to bulk CuO. Total destruction of both primary and secondary lamella is seen. Areas of eroded epithelium (ERE), aneurysm (ANS), necrosis (N), and blood vessel (BV) are also observed (H&E stains, ×100).

(a)

(b)