Antagonistic Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Certain Mixtures of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and the Bulk (Al₂O₃, CuO, and SiO₂) on Gill Histology in Clarias gariepinus

Figure 11

(a) Histological section of gill exposed to bulk SiO/CuO (1 : 2) showing epithelial hyperplasia (HPS), necrosis (N), and hypertrophy (HPT) (H&E stains, ×400). (b) Histological section of gill exposed to bulk SiO/Al₂O₃ (1 : 2) showing mild necrosis (N) and secondary gill lamella (SGL). No serious damage is observed (H&E stains, ×400).

(a)

(b)