Antagonistic Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Certain Mixtures of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and the Bulk (Al₂O₃, CuO, and SiO₂) on Gill Histology in Clarias gariepinus

Figure 1

(a) Histological section of gill of fish for control experiment showing primary gill lamella (PGL), blunt secondary gill lamella (SSGL), and blood vessel (BV) (H&E stains, ×400). (b) Histological section of gill of fish exposed to nanosize SiO showing total destruction of primary gill lamella (PGL) and secondary gill lamellae (SGL), eroded epithelium (ERE), and area of severe necrosis (N) and oedema (OD) (H&E stains, ×100).

(a)

(b)