Photocatalytic Properties of Tin Oxide and Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles

Table 1

Properties of the Sb : SnO₂ particles used [13].

Sb/(Sn + Sb) mol %^(a)	Sb(III)/[Sb(III)+Sb(V)] mol %	d/nm BET^(c)	d/nm XRD^(d)	N^(b) bulk wt.%	N^(b) surface wt.%	a unit cell Ǻ	c unit cell Ǻ
0	0	8.2	7.3	0.088	0.046	4.7416	3.1808
2.0	0	7.9	6.9	0.068	0.136	4.7432	3.1790
7.0	0^(e)	7.1	6.5	0.094	0.188	4.7509	3.1786
13.0	7.6	6.6	6.9^(f)	0.200	0.202	4.7435	3.1737

(a) Apart from Sb 0% all the Sb : SnO₂ particles are blue powders.
(b) Present in the bulk and at the surface; at the surface as NH₃ groups.
(c) The diameter is calculated assuming that the particles were spherical, non-porous with a density of 6.99 g/cm³.
(d) The particles are (almost) crystalline. The crystallite sizes were calculated from the broadening of the XRD peaks.
(e) No Sb(III) was detected with XPS; IR data suggest that a very small amount of Sb(III)-OH surface groups is present.
(f) Measured with TEM: d = 6.3 ± 1.1 nm.