Present Status and Perspectives on the Use of Alkylresorcinols as Biomarkers of Wholegrain Wheat and Rye Intake

Table 3

Correlations of plasma and urinary alkylresorcinol metabolites (DHBA and DHPPA) with different measurements of wholegrain intake from previously published studies.

N	Gender	Country	Type of study	Dietary assessment method	Diet exposure parameter	AR metabolite	Plasma/urine	Correlation	value	Reference
56	F^a	Finland	Free-living	5DFR^b	Cereal fibre	DHBA^c	24 h urine	0.37	0.005	[66]
56	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Cereal fibre	DHPPA^d	24 h urine	0.41	0.002	[66]
56	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Cereal fibre	DHBA	Plasma	0.41	<0.01	[96]
56	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Cereal fibre	DHPPA	Plasma	0.46	<0.01	[96]
56	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Cereal fibre	Total AR metabolites	Plasma	0.42	<0.01	[96]
60	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Rye	DHBA	Plasma	0.32	<0.05	[97]
60	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Rye	DHPPA	Plasma	0.39	<0.01	[97]
60	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Rye	Total AR metabolites	Plasma	0.33	<0.05	[97]
60	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Rye	DHBA	24 h urine	0.52	<0.001	[97]
60	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Rye	DHPPA	24 h urine	0.44	<0.001	[97]
60	F	Finland	Free-living	5DFR	Rye	Total AR metabolites	24 h urine	0.48	<0.001	[97]

^aF: female
^b5DFR: 5-day food record
^cDHBA: 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
^dDHPPA: 3,5-dihydroxyphenylpropionoic acid.