Study Type of study; time interval considered; country Overall sample size ( Age (y) of patients ( Gender (male %) Inclusion criteria Methodological notes Evaluated complications of interest for meta-analysis Tseng et al. [34 ] Longitudinal retrospective cohort study; Sept. 1999-Oct. 2000; USA 70,598 97.5 Veterans Health Administration patients with diabetes in the fiscal year 2000 and CKD (stages 3–4) with up to 5 years of follow-up Cox proportional hazards models on different CKD ESKD Ragot et al. [33 ] Prospective monocentric cohort and clinical trial; 2002-2012; France 1,140 58 Patients with T2DM from the SURDIAGENE study (discovery cohort) and DIABHYCAR study (replication cohort) Cox models on discovery and replication cohorts CV events Barzilay et al. [30 ] Multicenter (513), randomized, nonblinded trial; 1994-2002; USA 6,656 — Patients with T2DM from the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) Hazard ratios from Cox regression models adjusted for baseline eGFR and several covariates and factors CV events and ESKD Oshima et al. [25 ] Cohort study; 1985-2010; Japan 4,814 57 Patients with T2DM Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models ESKD and ACM Shimizu et al. [37 ] Nationwide observational study; Jul. 2009-Dec. 2015; Japan 456 66 (59-73) 65 Patients with T2DM and clinically suspected diabetic nephropathy from the Japan Diabetic Nephropathy Cohort Study (JDNCS) Cox proportional hazards model ESKD Oshima et al. [14 ] Randomized controlled trial and post-trial observational study; Jun. 2001–Mar. 2003; 20 countries 8,879 58 Individuals with T2DM aged ≥55 years at high risk of cardiovascular events HR from multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model ACM, CV events, ESKD Cabrera et al. [31 ] UK Clinical Practice Research Data Link GOLD (CPRD) database; 1995-2015; UK 30,222 46 Newly diagnosed CKD subjects from a prevalent population of T2DM Cox proportional hazards regression models CV events Furuichi et al. [29 ] Multicenter retrospective study; 1985-2016; Japan 377 59 72 Patients with diagnosed diabetic nephropathy Cox regression analysis ACM, ESKD Kim et al. [28 ] 7,217 60 T2DM patients at high risk of vascular disease from the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation) trial Cox proportional hazards models ACM, CV events, microvascular complications Misra et al. [36 ] Longitudinal cohort study; 2007-2016; Canada 50 56 (47–63) 64 Adult patients affected by diabetes with biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy Kaplan–Meier survival curves and logrank (Mantel-Cox) analysis ESKD Chan et al. [32 ] Retrospective study; 2016-2018; Taiwan 11,769 56 Patients with T2DM treated with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2is) inhibitors Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression CV events, ESKD Meguro et al. [27 ] Multicenter randomized controlled trial; May 2010–Oct. 2013; Japan 4,461 48 T2DM patients with hypercholesterolemia and diabetic retinopathy from EMPATHY (standard versus intEnsive statin therapy for hypercholesteroleMic Patients with diAbetic retinopathy) trial Cox regression analysis CV events, ESKD, ACM Oshima et al. [35 ] Multicenter observational cohort study; 1985-2010; Japan 4,328 57 T2DM patients Cox proportional regression ESKD Muramatsu et al. [38 ] Retrospective observational cohort study; 2005-2018; Japan 831 73 T2DM patients Cox proportional hazards model CAN Zhang et al. [26 ] Retrospective, observational cohort study; Jan. 2012-Aug. 2019; Japan 57,452 52 Patients from the Japanese Medical Data Vision database Cox proportional hazards models with multivariable adjustment ACM, CV events, ESKD
