Research Article
Unveiling the Hidden Burden: Estimating All-Cause Mortality Risk in Older Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Baseline characteristics in training and validation cohorts.
| | Variables | Total | Training cohort | Validation cohort | | | | | |
| | Age (years) | | | | 0.649 | | Sex, (%) | | | | 0.405 | | Male | 857 (49.97) | 693 (50.51) | 164 (47.81) | | | Female | 858 (50.03) | 679 (49.49) | 179 (52.19) | | | Race, (%) | | | | 0.810 | | Non-Hispanic White | 710 (41.4) | 573 (41.76) | 137 (39.94) | | | Non-Hispanic Black | 368 (21.46) | 296 (21.57) | 72 (20.99) | | | Other Hispanic | 440 (25.66) | 345 (25.15) | 95 (27.70) | | | Other races | 197 (11.49) | 158 (11.52) | 39 (11.37) | | | Education level, (%) | | | | 0.633 | | Less than high school | 700 (40.82) | 567 (41.33) | 133 (38.78) | | | High school diploma or GED | 409 (23.85) | 327 (23.83) | 82 (23.91) | | | More than high school | 606 (35.34) | 478 (34.84) | 128 (37.32) | | | Smoking status, (%) | | | | 0.694 | | Never smoker | 849 (49.5) | 677 (49.34) | 172 (50.15) | | | Ever smoker | 545 (31.78) | 442 (32.22) | 103 (30.03) | | | Current smoker | 321 (18.72) | 253 (18.44) | 68 (19.83) | | | Drinking status, (%) | | | | 0.298 | | Nondrinker | 886 (51.66) | 699 (50.95) | 187 (54.52) | | | Low-to-moderate drinker | 174 (10.15) | 146 (10.64) | 28 (8.16) | | | Heavy drinker | 655 (38.19) | 527 (38.41) | 128 (37.32) | | | BMI (kg/m2), (%) | | | | 0.965 | | <25.00 | 343 (20) | 276 (20.12) | 67 (19.53) | | | 25.00–29.99 | 637 (37.14) | 508 (37.03) | 129 (37.61) | | | ≥30.0 | 735 (42.86) | 588 (42.86) | 147 (42.86) | | | PIR, (%) | | | | 0.470 | | <1.0 | 314 (18.31) | 250 (18.22) | 64 (18.66) | | | 1.0-3.0 | 927 (54.05) | 751 (54.74) | 176 (51.31) | | | >3.0 | 474 (27.64) | 371 (27.04) | 103 (30.03) | | | Medication use | | | | 0.629 | | No | 586 (34.17) | 465 (33.89) | 121 (35.28) | | | Yes | 1129 (65.83) | 907 (66.11) | 222 (64.72) | | | Hypertension | 1190 (69.39) | 935 (68.15) | 255 (74.34) | 0.062 | | CVD | 187 (10.9) | 143 (10.4) | 44 (12.8) | 0.469 | | Antihyperlipidemic drug | 730 (42.57) | 572 (41.69) | 158 (46.06) | 0.076 | | Lymphocyte | | | | 0.363 | | AST | | | | | | Total cholesterol | | | | 0.630 | | Uric acid | | | | | | Triglyceride | | | | | | ALT | | | | | | EGFR | | | | 0.711 | | Albumin | | | | | | High-density lipoprotein | | | | 0.538 |
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Abbreviations: PIR: poverty-to-income ratio; BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; EGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase.
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