The Relationship between Muscle Ultrasound Parameters and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of T2DM patients with and without DPN.
Characteristic
Non-DPN
DPN
value
Sex, (%)
0.887
Male
28 (54.9)
22 (56.4)
Female
23 (45.1)
17 (43.6)
Age (years, )
0.086
Weight (kg, )
0.615
Height (m, )a
0.993
BMI (kg/cm2, )
0.618
Smoking, (%)
17 (33.3)
9 (23.1)
0.287
Alcohol, (%)
7 (13.7)
4 (10.3)
0.619
Duration, (%)
0.598
<10 years
22 (43.1)
19 (48.7)
≥10 years
29 (56.9)
20 (51.3)
Use of insulin (%)
14 (27.5)
9 (23.1)
0.637
Hypertension, (%)
24 (47.1)
17 (43.6)
0.743
PAD of lower extremities, (%)
24 (47.1)
28 (71.8)
0.019
DKD, (%)
0.689
Stages 1-2
41 (80.4)
30 (76.9)
Stages 3-4
10 (19.6)
9 (23.1)
DR, (%)
24 (47.1)
17 (43.6)
0.743
HbA1c (%)
0.633
TC (mmol/L, )
0.033
TG (mmol/L, median, Q1-Q3)a
1.58 (1.22-2.49)
1.26 (0.86-1.83)
0.020
HDL (mmol/L, )
0.729
LDL (mmol/L, )
0.182
.aMann–Whitney test. Other quantitative variates were analyzed by Student’s -test. Abbreviations: PAD: peripheral artery disease; DKD: diabetic kidney disease; DR: diabetic retinopathy; BMI: body mass index; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
