Determinants and Characteristics of Insulin Dose Requirements in Children and Adolescents with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Insights from the INSENODIAB Study
Table 1
Demographic, clinical characteristics, and paraclinical measurements.
Characteristics
Global
rINSENODIAB
pINSENODIAB
value
()
()
()
Distribution
Age (years)
9.7 (6.3)
9.2 (6.9)
10.6 (5.6)
0.01†
<5 years–no. (%)
31.0 (17.0)
23.0 (22.3)
8.0 (10.1)
5-10 years–no. (%)
62.0 (34.0)
37.0 (35.9)
25.0 (31.6)
>10 years–no. (%)
89.0 (48.9)
43.0 (41.7)
46.0 (58.2)
Presence of puberty–no. (%)
NA
NA
38.0 (49.4)
NA
Sex (males) no. (%)
83.0 (45.4)
45.0 (43.7)
38.0 (47.5)
0.6‡
Weight (kilograms)
30.0 (21.9)
27.0 (20.9)
32.1 (18.7)
0.03†
BMI (-score)
-0.9 (2.1)
-1.1 (2.1)
-0.7 (1.9)
0.4†
< -2 SD–no. (%)
38.0 (20.8)
23.0 (22.3)
15.0 (19.0)
-2 SD- +1.6 SD–no. (%)
135.0 (74.2)
74.0 (71.8)
61.0 (77.2)
> +1.6 SD–no. (%)
9.0 (5.0)
6.0 (5.8)
3.0 (3.8)
Baseline diabetes characteristics
Weight loss (%)
10.0 (10.4)
8.7 (8.6)
12.8 (12.1)
0.007¶
HbA1c (%)
11.7 (2.8)
11.5 (2.6)
12.6 (2.7)
0.01¶
Presence of DKA–no. (%)
65.0 (35.9)
37.0 (35.9)
28.0 (35.9)
1.0‡
Glycemia (mg/dL)
458.5 (241.0)
459.0 (205.0)
457.0 (272.0)
0.8†
CPEPBASAL (pmol/mL)
NA
0.2 (0.2)
Glycemic data at discharge
Insulin total daily dose (IU/kg/day)
1.1 (0.6)
1.1 (0.5)
1.1 (0.6)
0.1†
Insulin regimen
MDI–no. (%)
145.0 (79.2)
95.0 (92.2)
49.0 (62.0)
Insulin pump–no. (%)
17.0 (9.3)
8.0 (7.8)
9.0 (11.4)
Unknown–no. (%)
21.0 (11.5)
0.0 (0.0)
21.0 (26.6)
Normoglycemic patients at discharge (70-180 mg/dL)–no. (%)
NA
94.0 (91.3)
Hospitalization time (days)
NA
6.0 (5.0)
Legend: values are median and IQR. Percentages may not total to 100 because of rounding. values calculated between subgroup results were considered as significant when under 0.05. †Student -test, ‡chi-square, ¶Wilcoxon test. HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin level; DKA: ketoacidosis; MDI: multiple daily injection; NA: not applicable.
