Association between Circulating Ectodysplasin A and Diabetic Kidney Disease

Table 2

Baseline clinical characteristics between all subgroups of T2DM.

Characteristics	T2DM with normoalbuminuria ()	T2DM with microalbuminuria ()	T2DM with macroalbuminuria ()	value
Sex, men (%)	54 (55.7%)	32 (51.6%)	18 (60%)	0.739
Age, y				<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	24.77 (22.76, 27.41)	25.34 (23.41, 27.41)	24.65 (21.81, 27.34)	0.462
WC (cm)				0.502
HC (cm)	96.00 (90.50, 100.00)	97.25 (94.00, 102.00)	95.00 (90.75, 105.50)	0.164
WHR	0.94 (0.90, 0.97)	0.94 (0.92, 0.97)	0.95 (0.89, 0.97)	0.965
Duration of T2DM (M)	6.00 (0.50, 81.00)	114.00 (24.00, 183.00)	120.00 (54.00, 222.00)	<0.001
Hypertension, (%)	29 (29.9%)	41 (66.1%)	20 (66.7%)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	127.00 (119.00, 138.00)	140.00 (130.00, 150.00)	147.00 (126.00, 158.00)	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	80.00 (76.00, 87.00)	82.00 (76.00, 90.00)	83.00 (72.00, 92.00)	0.617
Smoking, (%)	24 (24.7%)	15 (24.2%)	6 (20%)	0.865
ACEI/ARB use	22 (22.7%)	26 (41.9%)	11 (36.7%)	0.030
Statins use	1 (1.03%)	3 (4.8%)	0 (0%)	0.045
Insulin	15 (15.5%)	25 (40.3%)	17 (56.7%)	<0.001
Oral agents	18 (18.6%)	36 (58.1%)	11 (36.7%)	<0.001
Insulin+oral agents	13 (13.4%)	14 (22.6%)	4 (13.3%)	0.001
FPG (mmol/L)	10.50 (8.17, 13.27)	9.68 (7.59, 12.31)	8.75 (7.23, 12.75)	0.167
2hPG (mmol/L)	19.74 (16.60, 24.00)	19.21 (16.18, 22.05)	16.52 (11.88, 20.19)	0.043
FIns (μIU/mL)	6.45 (4.37, 10.10)	8.99 (5.49, 15.02)	9.88 (4.13, 13.03)	0.041
2hIns (μIU/mL)	26.60 (14.47, 45.80)	33.41 (17.00, 53.63)	41.18 (21.96, 55.82)	0.057
FC-P (ng/mL)				0.072
2hCP (ng/mL)	5.41 (3.73, 7.36)	3.85 (2.68, 5.99)	4.46 (3.00, 5.36)	0.002
Hb1Ac (%)	9.20 (8.00, 10.90)	9.70 (8.28, 11.25)	8.55 (7.18, 10.65)	0.148
HOMA-IR	3.35 (2.10, 4.32)	3.89 (2.48, 5.44)	3.91 (1.63, 5.46)	0.083
HOMA-β	17.34 (10.53, 37.81)	25.30 (15.79, 58.82)	30.14 (14.58, 57.34)	0.036
TG (mmol/L)	2.05 (1.33, 2.98)	1.70 (1.43, 2.58)	2.00 (1.29, 3.88)	0.620
TC (mmol/L)	4.86 (4.21, 5.67)	4.98 (4.13, 5.90)	5.05 (4.37, 6.26)	0.296
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.79 (2.35, 3.47)	2.92 (2.31, 3.68)	2.89 (2.32, 3.83)	0.833
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.03 (0.86, 1.23)	1.12 (0.92, 1.28)	1.16 (0.91, 1.38)	0.192
ALT (U/L)	23.50 (16.55, 40.80)	20.55 (11.90, 34.75)	17.80 (9.53, 26.28)	0.021
AST (U/L)	18.80 (13.45, 29.15)	15.80 (13.00, 25.40)	14.85 (10.98, 22.33)	0.151
UA (μmol/L)				0.232
BUN (mmol/L)	4.99 (4.27, 5.70)	5.31 (4.33, 6.26)	6.53 (4.80, 8.63)	0.003
Creatinine (μmol/L)	56.40 (46.85, 65.10)	58.00 (46.38, 70.68)	73.05 (57.30, 105.98)^†	<0.001
eGFR (mL/[min1.73m^2])	112.55 (102.55, 127.09)	107.61 (93.72, 125.30)	81.94 (64.20, 112.84)^†	<0.001
EDA (pg/mL)	290.78 (240.30, 374.39)	366.19 (292.88, 426.27)	362.97 (307.47, 452.18)	0.002

Data are presented as or medians (interquantile range (IQR)) for continuous variables and number (percentages) for categorical variables. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG: 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose; FIns: fasting plasma insulin; FC-P: fasting C-peptide; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin c; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; UACR: urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR: Estimated glomerular fltration rate.^aMedian (interquartile range); vs. T2DM with normoalbuminuria; ^† vs. group of T2DM with microalbuminuria.