Journal of Diabetes Research

Review Article

The Effect of Telenursing on Disease Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Table 3

Main characteristics of studies assessing the impact of telenursing on metabolic indicators in type 2 diabetes patients.
Author, year country, ref.Sex (M/F)Age (mean)Study designStudy population and settingFollow-up timeIntervention groupControl group
Crowley et al. (2013) (USA) [46]56/12656RCTAfrican-American patients with type 2DM referring from the CHANGE study12 monthsMonthly nurse telephone callsUsual care
Stone et al. (2010) (USA) [57]71/66—RCTPatients with type 2DM, attending the endocrinology outpatient clinic at Sina Teaching Hospital of Tabriz12 weeksNurse telephone callsUsual care
Blackberry et al. (2013) (Australia) [36]131/10562.8RCTPatients with type 2DM, who were recruited at Patient Engagement And Coaching for Health study12 weeksNurse telephone callsUsual care
Esmaeilpour-BandBoni et al. (2020) (Iran) [51]13/1566RCTPatients with type 2DM admitted in an academic hospital in Rasht12 weeksTelenursing programRoutine care
Azhdari Mamaghani et al. (2021) (Iran) [33]—55RCTPatients with type 2DM, attending the endocrinology outpatient clinic at Sina academic hospital of Tabriz12 weeksNurse telephone calls and initial educationUsual care or initial nurse education without further telephone calls
Lashkari et al. (2013) (Iran) [52]—55QuasiexperimentalPatients with type 2DM, referring to the endocrinology outpatient clinics in Kerman12 weeksNurse telephone callsUsual care
Aliha et al. (2012) (Iran) [54]16/1550RCTPatients with type 2DM, attending the endocrinology outpatient clinic of Imam Khomeini hospital12 weeksNurse telephone callsRoutine care
Elgaphar and El Gafar (2017) (Egypt) [31]26/2454QuasiexperimentalPatients with type 2DM at least for 1 year, attending the endocrinology outpatient clinic and medical department of Menoufia University Hospitals12 weeksNurse telephone callsRoutine care
Ravari et al. (2021) (Iran) [55]—64RCTPatients with type 2DM referring to Rafsanjan Diabetes Center12 weeksNurse telephone callsRoutine care
Shahsavari and Foroghi (2020) (Iran) [50]9/2161RCTIlliterate patients with T2DM referring Aligoodarz clinic12 weeksNurse telephone callRoutine care
Wong et al. (2005) (China) [23]32/2061RCTPatients with type 2DM, Attending the endocrinology outpatient clinic at a regional hospital in Hong Kong24 weeksRoutine care plus/weekly assessment by nurse telephone callsRoutine care
Nesari et al. (2010) (Iran) [29]19/1151RCTPatients with type 2DM attending the Iranian Diabetes Society12 weeksEducation and nurse telephone callsUsual care
Asante et al. (2020) (Ghana) [30]8/2255RCTPatients with type 2DM referring to the Diabetes Centre of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi12 weeksPhone follow-up calls by a diabetes specialist nurseSelf-care education
Hansen et al. (2017) (Denmark) [58]53/3057RCTPatients with type 2DM referring to outpatient departments of three hospitals in Copenhaegen and the local health center14 monthsMonthly video calls with a healthcare nurseUsual care
Kaur et al. (2015) (India) [47]21/1951RCTPatients with type 2DM referring to the outpatient clinic12 weeksNurse telephone callsRoutine care
Navicharen (2009) (Thailand) [70]20NAQuasiexperimentalPatients with type 2DM referring to two Red Cross stations in Bangkok12 weeksNurse-based education and follow-up callsUsual care
Odnoletkova et al. (2016) (Belgium) [59]173/11464RCTPatients with type 2DM affiliated with Belgian health insurance fund “Partena”18 monthsNurse-based education and phone calls every 5 weeksUsual care
Soliman (2016) (Egypt) [32]13/17—QuasiexperimentalPatients with type 2DM attending the outpatient endocrinology unit of medical hospital in Mansoura city.12 weeksEducational meetings by nurses and phone callsUsual care
Aytekin et al. (2016) (Turkey) [34]17/2758RCTPatients with type 2DM, attending the endocrinology outpatient clinic in a regional hospital in Central Anatolia region12 weeksEducation and nurse telephone follow-upRoutine care