Epidemiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the Waikato Region of New Zealand: 2000-2019

Table 2

Patient characteristics by number of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) admissions.

Factors	Total	Only 1 DKA		2-3 DKAs		4+ DKAs		value
Gender
Female	282	170	60.3%	72	25.5%	40	14.2%	0.01
Male	282	200	70.9%	44	15.6%	38	13.5%
Ethnicity
Māori	132	71	53.8%	41	31.1%	20	15.2%	0.001
Non-Māori	432	299	69.2%	75	17.4%	58	13.4%
Age group (at first admission)
<5 years	16	15	12.3%	1	0.8%	0	0.0%	<0.001
5-14 years	106	62	50.8%	30	24.6%	14	11.5%
15-24 years	156	86	55.1%	30	19.2%	40	25.6%
25-34 years	76	42	55.3%	22	28.9%	12	15.8%
35-44 years	62	42	67.7%	13	21.0%	7	11.3%
≥45 years	148	123	83.1%	20	13.5%	5	3.4%
Rurality
Rural	164	88	53.7%	45	27.4%	31	18.9%	<0.001
Urban	400	282	70.5%	71	17.8%	47	11.8%
NZ deprivation (quintile)^1
1	48	34	70.8%	5	10.4%	9	18.8%	<0.001
2	54	31	57.4%	13	24.1%	10	18.5%
3	88	60	68.2%	20	22.7%	8	9.1%
4	146	98	67.1%	31	21.2%	17	11.6%
5	228	147	64.5%	47	20.6%	34	14.9%
Type of diabetes mellitus
Type 1	474	292	61.6%	106	22.4%	76	16.0%	<0.001
Type 2	83	72	86.7%	9	10.8%	2	2.4%
Unknown	7	6	85.7%	1	14.3%
Total	564	370	65.6%	116	20.6%	78	13.8%

¹Quintile 1 represents the least deprivation, and quintile 5 represents the highest deprivation.