Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Abdominal Obesity Are Prone to Osteodysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

General characteristics of all male and female participants.

Characteristics	Male	Female
Subjects	2004	2347	/
Age, years			0.061
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.430
NC (cm)			<0.001
WC (cm)			<0.001
HC (cm)			<0.001
VAI			<0.001
LAP			<0.001
WHR			<0.001
CVAI			<0.001
β-CTX (ng/mL)			<0.001
OC (ng/mL)			<0.001
P1NP (ng/mL)			<0.001
TC (mmol/L)			<0.001
TG (mmol/L)			0.145
HDL (mmol/L)			<0.001
LDL (mmol/L)			<0.001
FPG (mmol/L)			0.118
HbA1c, %			<0.001
Glucagon (pg/mL)			<0.001
C-peptide (ng/mL)			0.051
Insulin (pmol/L)			0.055
VitD (nmol/L)			<0.001
Smoking, %	36	2	<0.001
Hypertension, %	60	62	0.128

Continuous variables were expressed as . Categorical variables were presented as percentages (%). The Mann–Whitney test and the chi-square test were used. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; NC: neck circumference; WC: waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; VAI: visceral adiposity index; LAP: lipid accumulation product; WHR: waist to hip ratio; CVAI: Chinese visceral adiposity index; β-CTX: β-C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen; OC: osteocalcin; P1NP: procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; FPG: fast plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; VitD: Vitamin D.