The Effect of a Patient Activation Tailored Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management and Clinical Outcomes: A Study from Saudi Arabian Primary Care Settings

Table 4

Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test of change in BMI, glycemic control, PAM level, and DKT.

	Ranks		Sum of the rank
BMI	Negative rank	5	761	-4.81	<0.001
	Positive rank	36	100
	Ties	41
Glycemic control	Negative rank	4	13	-3.40	<0.001
	Positive rank	21	13
	Ties	42
PAM level	Negative rank	9	25.33	-4.44	<0.001
	Positive rank	42	26.14
	Ties	30
DKT	Negative Ranks	8	116	-2.27	0.02
	Positive Ranks	20	29
	Ties	51

Note. Negative rank = worsened; positive rank = improved; ties = no change.