|
| PAM-1 | PAM-2 | PAM-3 | PAM-4 |
|
| Characteristics | Overwhelmed,
disengaged, passive,
lack of knowledge,
and confidence
“My doctor is in
charge of my health” | Have some knowledge
and low confidence
but struggling
“I could be doing
more” | Good knowledge
and confidence
Taking action
and building
self-management skills
“I am part of my
health care team” | Very good knowledge,
confident, adopted
and maintained new
behavior, but may
struggle under stress
“I am my own
advocate” |
| Goals | Provide basic
knowledge
Build confidence
through small steps | Increase knowledge
Develop
self-management
skill | Adopt and maintain
self-management behaviors | Maintain
self-management
behaviors and prevent
relapse |
| Activities | | | | |
| Condition and symptoms | Provide basic
information about
diabetes, risk factors,
red flags, and important
diabetes numbers | Build more
knowledge about diabetes symptoms
Learn self-monitoring
skills
Increase confidence
by taking small step to
reduce symptoms | Build and maintain
diabetes
self-monitoring skills
Identify the
challenges in managing diabetes
Self-reward for
healthy change | Maintain diabetes
self-management
behaviors at or near
guideline levels
Learn skills to get
back on track
Troubleshoot the
difficult situations in
self-management |
| Medication | Provide basic
information about
diabetes medication
and its side effects
Take small step in
medication adherence | Build more
knowledge about medication and the
risk of not being taken
as prescribed
Take small step to
increase medication
adherence | Strive for full
adherence to
medication
Provide emotional
support to overcome
the challenges in
medication adherence | Maintain optimal
medication adherence
Anticipate the
difficult situation and
learn skills to get back
on track |
| Diet | Provide basic
information about
healthy diet,
carbohydrate, and
the link between
diet and health
Take small step
change in diet | Build more
knowledge about the
recommended
diabetes diet
Learn weight
control skills
Take more small step
change in diet | Try to follow diet
guidelines
Learn glycemic index
and calorie tools
Address problem
areas and learn
problem-solving skills | Maintain a
healthy diet
Learn skills to get
back on track
Set some dietary goals |
| Physical activity | Provide basic
information
about physical activity
and its benefits
Address current
physical activity
level and take
small step to
change | Learn skills that help
to be active
Discuss personal
barriers and
facilitators of being
active
Take small step to
increase physical
activity level | Discuss the elements
of a well-rounded
fitness plan
Try to follow
guidelines for physical
activity
Address the
challenges and
barriers | Maintain physical
activity
Anticipate the
difficult situation and
learn skills to get back
on track
Set some physical
activity goals |
| Stress management | Provide basic
information about what
stress is
Know stress triggers
and levels
Take small step
to reduce stress | Address personal
stress triggers
Learn stress coping
skills
Take small step
change in stress
management | Full understanding
of stress effects
Anticipate and avoid
stress triggers
Master stress coping
skills | Follow a healthy
lifestyle
Track overall health,
fitness, emotions, and
stress levels
Set some stress
management goals |
|
