Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype and Lipid Accumulation Product: Two Comprehensive Obese Indicators of Waist Circumference and Triglyceride to Predict Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Population

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study participants by gender.


Variables	All ()	Males ()	Females ()	values

Age (years)				0.031
Education, (%)
No education	1,913 (12.17)	311 (4.73)	1,602 (17.52)	<0.001
Primary school	5,535 (35.22)	2,277 (34.64)	3,258 (35.63)
Middle school	6,677 (42.48)	3,157 (48.03)	3,520 (38.5)
High school	1,391 (8.85)	715 (10.88)	676 (7.39)
College and above	75 (0.48)	64 (0.97)	11 (0.12)
Unknown	126 (0.80)	49 (0.75)	77 (0.84)
Physical activity, (%)
Low	6,483 (41.25)	2,294 (34.90)	4,189 (45.81)	<0.001
Moderate	7,428 (47.26)	3,188 (48.50)	4,240 (46.37)
High	1,651 (10.50)	1,049 (15.96)	602 (6.58)
Unknown	155 (0.99)	42 (0.64)	113 (1.24)
Income, (%)
Low	2,038 (12.97)	879 (13.37)	1,159 (12.67)	0.015
Moderate	13,027 (82.88)	5,406 (82.25)	7,621 (83.34)
High	500 (3.18)	235 (3.58)	265 (2.9)
Unknown	152 (0.97)	53 (0.81)	99 (1.08)
Current smokers, (%)	4,210 (26.79)	4,124 (62.74)	86 (0.94)	<0.001
Current drinkers, (%)	3,649 (23.22)	3,282 (49.93)	367 (4.01)	<0.001
Hypertension, (%)	5,237 (33.32)	2,356 (35.84)	2,881 (31.51)	<0.001
Family history of T2DM, (%)	891 (5.67)	342 (5.20)	549 (6.00)	0.037
SBP (mmHg)				<0.001
DBP (mmHg)				<0.001
FPG (mmol/l)				<0.001
TC (mmol/l)				<0.001
TG (mmol/l)	1.09 (0.76-1.64)	1.07 (0.74-1.65)	1.11 (0.78-1.63)	0.076
HDL-C (mmol/l)				<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)				<0.001
WC (cm)				<0.001
LAP	20.15 (9.90-38.49)	16.73 (7.68-34.75)	22.40 (11.78-40.92)	<0.001
HTGW phenotype
NTNW	8,615 (54.81)	4,322 (65.75)	4,293 (46.95)	<0.001
NTGW	3,454 (21.98)	683 (10.39)	2,771 (30.30)
HTNW	1,593 (10.14)	942 (14.33)	651 (7.12)
HTGW	2,055 (13.08)	626 (9.52)	1429 (15.63)

BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fast plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LAP: lipid accumulation product; NTNW: normal TG level and normal waist; NTGW: normal TG level and central obesity; HTNW: increased TG level and normal WC; HTGW: increased TG level and central obesity. Values are expressed as or number (%); TG and LAP were described by median and interquartile range and were analyzed after logarithmic transformation. Comparison between different genders.